Rajeswari, K (2009) Study of Branching Pattern and Surgical Anatomy of Femoral Artery. Masters thesis, Madras Medical College, Chennai.
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Abstract
The femoral artery is the continuation of external iliac artery. It begins behind the inguinal ligament midway between anterior superior iliac spine and pubic symphysis, descends along the anteromedial part of the thigh in the femoral triangle, enter and passes through the adductor canal, and becomes the popliteal artery as it passes through an opening in adductor magnus near the junction of the middle and distal thirds of the thigh. Its first three or four centimeters are enclosed with its vein, in the femoral sheath. The part of the artery proximal to the origin of profunda femoris artery is often clinically termed the common femoral, while that distal to the profunda origin is termed the superficial femoral artery. The profunda femoris artery is termed as deep femoral artery. Femoral artery, the chief artery of the lower limb and the vessel of surgical and radiological importance, has been studied in detail by dissection, radiological and histological methods. The origin of the femoral artery in relation to mid inguinal point , diameter of the femoral artery branching pattern of femoral artery have been observed and correlated with the findings of already existing studies. The following conclusions are derived from the parameters: The origin of the femoral artery coincided with the mid inguinal point in most of the cases (80%). However , the origin of femoral artery is lateral to mid inguinal point in 12% of the cases and medial to mid inguinal point in 8% of the cases. The mean diameter of femoral artery is 7.26 mm in males and 5.8mm in females. The minimal luminal diameter in females is lower than that in males In all the specimens the femoral vein is medial to femoral artery at the base of the femoral triangle; in the distal femoral triangle and in the upper part of the adductor canal the femoral vein is posterior to the femoral artery; and in the distal part of the adductor canal the vein is posterolateral to the femoral artery. In majority of specimens the superficial circumflex iliac artery arises as a separate trunk from the femoral artery (90%). In 10% of the cases , the superficial circumflex iliac artery is absent. In 96% of specimens superficial external pudendal artery arises from the femoral artery as a single trunk. In 96% of specimens superficial epigastric artery arises from the femoral artery as a single trunk. In 4% of the cases the superficial external pudendal artery and superficial epigastric artery have a common trunk of origin from the femoral artery. The superficial external pudendal artery is anterior to the arch of great saphenous vein in 52% of cases and posterior to the arch of great saphenous vein in 32% of cases. In all cases the deep external pudendal artery arises from the medial surface of the femoral artery The distance of the origin of profunda femoris artery below the inguinal ligament is less than 2.5cm in 12% of cases, between 2.5-3.8cm in 68% of cases, between 3.8-5.1cm in 20% of cases The origin of the profunda femoris artery is lateral to the femoral artery in most of the cases (76%). In 16% of the cases the origin of profunda femoris artery is posterolateral to the femoral artery and in 8% of the cases the origin of the profunda femoris artery is posterior to the femoral artery. In all the specimens, the descending genicular artery arises just proximal to the adductor opening to the distal end of adductor canal. In 84% of cases both lateral circumflex femoral artery and medial circumflex femoral artery arises from the profunda femoris artery. In 2% of cases, the medial circumflex femoral artery arises from the femoral artery. In 6% of cases the lateral circumflex femoral artery arises from the femoral artery. In these 6% the origin of the lateral circumflex femoral artery was proximal to the origin of the profunda femoris in 4% of cases. In another 2% the origin of the lateral circumflex femoral artery was distal to the origin of the profunda femoris artery. Based on this study, I here by conclude that femoral artery has a complex variation in its origin, relationship with the arch of great saphenous vein and its branching patterns. I hope that this study of the branching pattern and surgical anatomy of the femoral artery will be definitely useful to the cardiologists, radiologists, plastic surgeons and vascular surgeons in the future.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Femoral Artery ; Branching Pattern ; Surgical Anatomy. |
| Subjects: | MEDICAL > Anatomy |
| Depositing User: | Kambaraman B |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Jun 2017 06:48 |
| Last Modified: | 29 Jun 2017 03:07 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/232 |
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