Liaquat Roopesh, Johnson (2011) A Study on Household Contacts of Sputum Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Community Health and Development (CHAD) Tuberculosis Unit, Vellore, Tamil Nadu. Masters thesis, Christian Medical College, Vellore.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION : Tuberculosis (TB) has the dubious distinction of being the most persistent scourge of Human kind. Worldwide statistics are staggering: in 2001, the who estimated that 1.86 billion persons were infected with tuberculosis. Each year, 8.74 million develop Tuberculosis and nearly 2 million die. This means that someone somewhere contracts TB every four seconds and one of them dies every 10 seconds. The global community woke up to this disease when, in 1993, the who declared TB as a global emergency. In 2008, there were an estimated 9.4 million new cases, equivalent to 139 cases/ 100,000 population of TB globally. There were an estimated 11.1 million prevalent Cases of TB in 2008 equivalent to 168 cases per 100,000 population. The south east Asia region accounts for 34% of the global TB burden. Though India is the second most populous country in the world, it has more new TB Cases annually than any other country. In 2008, out of an estimated global annual incidence of 9.4 million TB cases, 1.98 million were estimated to have occurred in India, of whom 0.87 million were infectious cases, thus catering to a fifth of the Global burden of TB. On a national scale, the high burden of TB in India is illustrated By the estimate that TB accounts for 17.6% of deaths from communicable disease and for 3.5% of all causes of mortality. The who estimated TB mortality in India was 276,000 (24/100,000 population) in 2008. More than 80% of the burden of Tuberculosis is due to premature death, as measured in terms of disability-adjusted life Years (DALYs) lost. Every day, more than 5,000 people develop TB disease, and nearly 1,000 people die of TB, i.e. 2 deaths every 3 minutes. TB is also the leading killer of women, causing More orphans than those produced by all causes of maternal mortality combined. Besides the disease burden, TB also causes an enormous socioeconomic burden to India. TB primarily affects people in their most productive years with important Socio-economic consequences for the household when an individual falls sick with TB. The disease is even more common among the poorest and marginalized sections of the community. Almost 70% of TB patients are aged between the ages of 15 and 54 Years. While two thirds of the cases are male, TB takes a disproportionately larger toll among young females, with more than 50% of female cases occurring before 34 years of age. In addition there is a devastating social cost – more than 300,000 children are forced to leave school because their parents have TB, and more than 100,000 women with TB are rejected by their families. The direct and indirect cost of TB to India for Morbidity alone amounts to an estimated Rs. 12,000 crores ($3 billion) annually (in 2000). Studies suggest that on an average, 3 to 4 months of work time is lost as a Result of TB, resulting in an average potential loss of 20-30% of the annual household Income. This leads to increased debt burden, particularly for the poor and Marginalized sections of the population. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES : To study the type of care received by the household contacts of sputum positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in CHAD Tuberculosis Unit in relation to RNTCP guidelines. To assess awareness among patients regarding screening of household contacts of sputum positive pulmonary Tuberculosis. CONCLUSIONS : The major conclusions of this study are: 1. Among the respondents, only 31% were advised to screen their household contacts for the presence of TB. 2. Being advised to screen contacts is significantly associated with the education of the patient (p=0.026).The presence of a symptomatic or child contact (p=0.002) is likely to result in the patient not being advised to undertake screening. 3. Only 23% of all respondents undertook screening of their household contacts for TB. 4. Screening of contacts is significantly associated with the presence of a symptomatic or child contact (p=<0.001). Those with a symptomatic or child contact are less likely to undertake the screening of contacts. 5. Of the 23 child contacts, only 7(30.4%) were initiated on Isoniazid Prophylaxis Treatment (IPT). Two (8.8%) others were started on ATT following screening. 6. 77% of the respondents were aware of the need to screen their household contacts. 7. Awareness regarding the need to screen contacts is significantly associated with the presence of a symptomatic or child contact (p=0.048); being educated (p=0.017); and being employed (p=0.038). The presence of these factors is likely to result in the patient not being aware of the need to screen contacts. 8. Of all those who said that household contacts need to be screened, only 69% knew how this could be done.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Household Contacts ; Sputum Positive Pulmonary ; Tuberculosis Patients ; Community Health And Development (CHAD) Tuberulosis Unit, Vellore, Tamil Nadu. |
| Subjects: | MEDICAL > Community Medicine |
| Depositing User: | Subramani R |
| Date Deposited: | 12 Jul 2017 03:56 |
| Last Modified: | 12 Jul 2017 06:15 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/1264 |
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