Bhavan Kumar, A (2017) Scientific Validation of Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Tecoma Stans (L) Juss.Leaf. Masters thesis, Karpagam College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore.
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Abstract
NTRODUCTION: Diabetes Mellitus (DM):Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common and challenging disease conditions of 21st centuary. It is a chronic complex progressive and multisystemic disorder with life threatening micro and macrovacular complications1. WHO defined Diabetes mellitus as a metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances in carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both2. It is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Prevalence of DM are about more than 150 million diabetics across the world and more than one fifth of them are Indians. International Diabetes Federation, India has been declared India as "Diabetic Capital of the World" at the recent Conference in Paris.Diabetes mellitus consists of a group of syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia, altered metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins; resulting from defects in insulin secretion, its action, or both. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: The diabetes mellitus prevalence was increased day by day, due to metabolic disorder, life style changes, improper food intake and less physical activity .symptoms of high blood sugar, left untreated, diabetes mellitus can cause many complications . Synthetic drugs have many side effects and harmful to the health. Over the centuries, they are traditionally practicing medicinal plants used to the treatment for various diseases but no scientific validation. Several literatures are indicated that the herbal drugs have lesser side effects when compared to synthetic medicines. The TecomaStans(L)juss is not scientifically validated and which was traditionally practicing herb .The work provides scientific validation for use of leaf against diabetes mellitus. The current study is help to develop a plant based diabetic drug which will be evaluated by using invivo streptozocin induced diabetes in rats. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: The current anti-diabetic drug research is facing complex challenges. As times go on it demands an integrated approach towards the health care system.There has been a growing interest in natural medicinal plantrelated research37. They are many difference in their philosophical and epistemological foundation concerted frame work and practical outlook. In case of diabetes both the system of medicine have different type of treatment approaches based on the severity of the diseases. By using medicines reduces the signs and symptoms of the disease. Once diabetes mellitus is diagnosed, the patient should take medication lifelong. In modern medical system long duration treatment of diabetes is risky, because the side effects of the drugs are severe. But in the case of ayurvedic medical system the side effects of drugs are less compared to modern medical system, because they are natural in origin. Phytochemicals are bioactive substances of plants that have been associated in the protection of human health against chronic degenerative diseases27. Phytochemical analysis of ethanol extract shows alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, proteins, amino acids, flavonoids and tannins. The combination of above mentioned phytochemicals may be structural similarity of compound of the pant. In the toxicity studies ethanolic extract did not show any signs or symptoms of toxicity in rats at doses up to 2000 mg/kg p.o., indicating that it has no toxicity at the maximal doses tested in this work. Although herbal medicinal products are widely considered to be of lower risk compared with synthetic drugs, they are not completely free from the possibility of toxicity or other adverse effects40. Thus, toxicological evaluation of plants derived products, including extracts forms an essential part of scientific validation of medicinal plants. Although, poisonous plants are ubiquitous herbal medicine is used by up to 80% of the population in the developing countries. The safety of herbal medicine use has recently been questioned due to reports of illness and fatalities like nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. The acute toxicity study indicated that ethanolic extract at a dose 2000 mg/kg caused neither visible signs of toxicity nor mortality. The LD50 and ED50 of the drug were estimated as 2000 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg respectively. If LD50 is 2000 mg/kg, it could be generally regarded as safe (GRAS). This finding is in agreement with Clarke and Clarke45, who reported that any compound or drug with oral LD50 estimates greater than 1000 mg/kg body weight could be considered to be of low toxicity and safe. However, it is suggested that variables such as animal species, strain, age, gender, diet, bedding, ambient temperature, caging conditions, and time of the day can all affect the LD50 values obtained and as such are considerable uncertainties in extrapolating the LD50 obtained for species to other species. This finding is suggestive that LD50 may not be considered as a biological constant. Oral administration of ethanolic extract at doses of 200, 500, or 1000 mg/kg body weight daily for 28 day did not produce any signs of toxicity or mortality. The animals did not show any changes in general behavior or other physiological activities and were found normal throughout the study. 28 day study provides information on the effects of repeated oral exposure and can indicate the need for further longer term studies. It can also provide information on the selection of concentrations for longer term studies. All animals are observed for morbidity and mortality twice daily. Little or no change was observed in body weight, food consumption, and water intake in ethanolic extract (200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg)-treated groups compared with control group after 28 days of study period in rats. All animals are weighed before starting the experiment and once in a week. Measurements of food and water consumption are also made once weekly. Ethanolic extract caused a statistically significant (P <0.01) rise in body weight among group III animals. It is necessary to measure the water consumption at least weekly. No signs and symptoms of toxicity, changes in behavior or other physical and physiological abnormalities were observed during the experimental period. Streptozotocin is probably the most widely used agents producing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in experimental animals. It is a glucosamine nitrosourea compound54 causes beta cells of islets of Langerhans of rats to clearly degenerate. In three days, Streptozotocin makes pancreas swell and at last causes degeneration in beta cells of islets of Langerhans and induces experimental diabetes. It also changes normal metabolism in diabetic rats in comparison with normal rats. Prolonged administration of STZ might have reduced the beta calls of islets of Langerhans to produce insulin. The observed blood glucose lowering effect of the decoction in STZ induced diabetic rats could also possibly due to increase peripheral glucose utilization. A number of other plant have also been shown to exert hypoglycemic activity through stimulation of insulin release.55,56 Consumption of water and food, volume of urine, serum glucose increases in diabetic animals in comparison with normal rats, but the levels of serum insulin, C-peptide and body weight decreases.55 The characteristic loss of bodyweight is due to increased muscle wasting in diabetes. 56When diabetic rats were treated with extract, the weight loss was put on check and reversed.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Additional Information: | REG. No.261526158 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Scientific Validation ; Antidiabetic Activity ; Ethanolic Extract ; Tecoma Stans (L) Juss.Leaf |
| Subjects: | PHARMACY > Pharmacology |
| Depositing User: | Ravindran C |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Mar 2018 09:29 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Mar 2018 12:01 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/6418 |
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