Nithyamala, I (2022) Scientific Evaluation of Cardio Protective activity of Eachuramooli (Aristolochia indica Linn) in Animal Models. Doctoral thesis, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
The present research investigation was systematically carried out to predict the safety and efficacy of the novel siddha formulation Eachuramooli Chooranamin the management of Myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis by suitable in-vitro and in-vivo experimental animal models. Physiochemical evaluation of EC proves the standard and genunity of the prepared formulation. The results obtained from the phytochemical analysis of EC reveals the presence of phytocomponents such as alkaloids, tannins, carbohydrates, sterols and proteins. HPTLC reveals presence of 09 prominent peaks. Heavy metal analysis reveals the absence of arsenic, mercury and cadmium further results reveals the presence of lead with in the permissible limit. In-vitro DPPH, NO and H2O2 analysis exhibits that EC has potential anti-oxidant property against the free radicals in the tested medium. In vitro thrombolytic activity of various concentration of EC were carried out which indicated up to 48.84% of clot lysis activity of the drug EC when compared to 85.54% in case of Streptokinase. The in vitro anti platelet aggregation characteristics of EC at various concentration (100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μg/ml) when compared to the standard drug Aspirin showed 91 mean % activity were 27.93, 45.33,69.63,74.67 and 80.67 respectively. The acute toxicity study results have revealed that the drug EC was safe at the maximum dose level of 2000mg/kg which was higher than the normal therapeutic dose of the drug. The results of sub-acute and sub- chronic toxicity studies shows that long term administration of EC the varying dosage ranging from low (50mg/kg,p.o), mid (250mg/kg,p.o) and high (500mg/kg,p.o) dose level was absolutely safe and has no evidence of adverse or toxic effect in any of the animals subjected to the study. Results of clinical biochemistry, Hematology and histopathological findings support the evidence of safety of the drug EC in rodents upon long term administration. Results of cardio protective activity on ISO induced myocardial damage activity reveals remarkable decrease in the cardiac marker such as Troponin T, Homocysteine, CK, LDH, AST, ALT and ALP almost revert back to the normal level. Result analysis of the present research signifies that the level of SOD, CAT, GST, GPR, GPX were shown significant decrease in the heart tissue of ISO alone treated rats when compare to the normal untreated group rats. Administration of test drug EC at the low (50mg/kg), mid (250mg/kg) and high (500mg/kg) doses along with standard reference drug enalapril 10 mg/kg to the test group rats have shown doe dependent increase in the level of core anti-oxidant enzymes. Treatment with EC at all three dose level have shown dose dependent decrease in inflammatory cytokine level IL-6 in plasma of rats. Administration of test drug EC at the dose of 50mg/kg reduced the infraction to 54.28%. Similarly, treatment with EC at the dose of 250mg/kg further limit the infraction percentage to 46.75%. There was significant three-fold decrease infraction were observed in EC high dose (500mg/kg) treated rats with the percentage of 29.57 dose dependently. Marginal reduction in cardiac fiber distance observed in EC low dose treated group with the projected range from 46.9 µm to 59.26 µm. Similar reduction in cardiac fiber distance observed in EC mid dose treated group with the projected range from 34.84 µm to 39.08 µm. Significant reduction in cardiac fiber distance observed in EC high dose treated group with the projected range from 25.78 µm to 29.16 µm. Results of cardiac distance observed in standard drug treated group with the projected range of projected range from 14.87 µm to 25.38 µm. There is a marginal declination in the number of immune labeled cells on Bax, Caspase expression in low, mid and high dose of EC treated rats. Similarly, increased level of Bcl-2 (anti-apoptotic) protein expression in the drug treated rats dose dependently. Results of histological analysis reveals that myocardial infarction characterized by granulation tissue formation observed in tissue samples belongs to ISO alone treated group. Epicardial necrosis and fat tissue invasion observed in low dose EC treated group. Many regenerating myofibres with very few inflammatory cell infiltrations observed in mid dose treated group. Almost normal appearance of myocardium with reduced necrotic change were observed in high dose EC treated group. Result analysis on the lipid profile of triton alone induced rat reveals significant increase in the lipid parameters such as total cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL and VLDL measures. Treatment with EC at all three dose levels (low, mid and high) depicts significant control of lipid profile restored back to almost to the normal. Image analysis of triton alone induced aorta group reveals huge fatty streaks with evidence of plaques on the walls on the intima with the atheromatous score of 50.32 %. Administration of test drug EC at the dose of 50mg/kg reduced the streaks percentage by 39.88%. Similar reduction was observed in EC 250mg/kg administered group with the percentage atheroma of about 29.6%. Higher percentage inhibition was noted in the EC 500mg/kg treated group with 20.22%. There was significant alteration in the wall thickness of the sample belongs to triton induced hyperlipidemic group with thickness on Intima (5.27%), media (48.7%) and adventitia (21.6%). Mean wall thickness of EC low dose treated group shown thickness on Intima (4.68%), media (30.74%) and adventitia (25.11%). Similarly wall thickness of EC mid dose treated group shown thickness on Intima (5.18%), media (42.37%) and adventitia (23.56%). High dose EC mid treated group shown wall thickness on Intima (11.5%), media (48.2%) and adventitia (35.73%). Huge cytoplasmic reactions confined to the endothelial cells in triton induced group. Significant decreases in percentage of CD34 immunoreaction on EC low, mid and high dose treated groups. Thick dense deposition of extra cellular matrix with marginal degeneration of walls were observed in triton group. ECM deposition evident by stained blue fibres which is advocated by inflammatory changes in low dose EC treated group. Moderate level of ECM deposition with marginal collagen density with evidence of inflammatory changes observed on the mid dose group. Significantly decrease in the level of ECM deposition were observed in high dose of EC treated group. Conclusion: In conclusion the siddha formulation Eachuramooli Chooranam belongs to Siddha system of traditional medicines showed potential anti-oxidant, anti-platelet, anti-thrombotic and cardio protective activity in the experimental animals. Hence this study provides evidence based results on the use of Eachuramooli Chooranam for clinical management of cardiovascular disorder in humans with proper clinical justification in near future.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | 45960/2016 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Scientific Evaluation, Cardio Protective Activity, Eachuramooli, Aristolochia indica Linn, Animal Models. |
| Subjects: | AYUSH > Gunapadam |
| Depositing User: | Subramani R |
| Date Deposited: | 25 Dec 2022 14:54 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Jan 2023 00:55 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/21064 |
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