Manimekala, E (2009) Clinical Relevance of MR Urethrography in Obliterative Posterior Urethral Stricture and Comparison with Retrograde Urethrography. Masters thesis, Madras Medical College, Chennai.
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Abstract
Imaging of the urinary tract has traditionally revolved around the Use of x-rays and contrast media. The first "opacification" of the urinary system, ureters was Performed by tuffier t. Sonde. He inserted a metal wire into a ureteral Catheter. This technique was subsequently replaced by making the Ureteral catheters themselves radiopaque. Next, air was tried as a contrast agent to reveal the ureter on Radiographs. Air was soon replaced by a liquid contrast agent containing a Colloidal suspension of silver, and the first retrograde pyelogram was Done by voelcker f, von lichtenberg. The usefulness of this Technique was quickly recognized but, unfortunately, so were the dangers Associated with the silver-containing contrast agent. The search for safer Materials began and sodium iodide solutions, first described by Cameron in 1918, became the contrast agents of choice for retrograde Pyelography. In 1923 , a young dermatologist named osborne(4) observed Opacification of the urinary bladder in the x-ray films of the abdomen in Syphilitic patients, whom underwent treatment with large intravenous and Oral doses of sodium iodide. Purposeful attempts to exploit these findings Were unsuccessful, because of high toxicity of substance when utilized in Quantities necessary to opacify the urinary system. Nevertheless, this recognition of the key element iodine set stage For all future developments in contrast material for radiographic imaging. From this stage extensive development of the quality of contrast medium Has grown immensely to the present stage of non-ionic contrast media Which is considered to be safe. Intravenous urography is arguably, the initial mode of investigating The urinary tract. It provides excellent anatomical detail of the urinary Tract while providing a semi qualitative assessment of renal function. Ascending urethrography and opposing urethrography is the investigation Of choice to image urethra. The use of ionizing radiation, the potential drawbacks of iodinated Media, the inability to visualize the posterior urethra and risks involved in Imaging pediatric patients constitute some of the principal drawbacks of Ascending urethrography. Magnetic resonance imaging (mri) constitutes an alternative to Imaging the urethra. With the development of the rare and haste Sequences, it is now possible to rapidly acquire informative images of the Urethra without the administration of contrast media. This may Circumvent some of the drawbacks associated with ascending Urethrography While mri is not without its own drawbacks, Mr urethrography May be employed successfully in a variety of situations to study the Urethra. This dissertation is an attempt to study the diagnostic capability of MR urethrography, its efficacy in visualization of posterior urethra, and Also in assessing prostatic apex displacement, in comparison to ascending Urethrography. Most importantly is the details it gives to the surgeon in Planning surgical modalities.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Clinical Relevance ; MR Urethrography ; Obliterative Posterior Urethral Stricture ; Comparison ; Retrograde Urethrography. |
| Subjects: | MEDICAL > Radio Diagnosis |
| Depositing User: | Subramani R |
| Date Deposited: | 30 Jun 2017 11:20 |
| Last Modified: | 30 Jun 2017 11:20 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/734 |
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