Muhammed Jaseem, K (2017) Evaluation of Anti-Ulcer Activity of Pithecellobium Dulce Seeds In Albino Wistar Strain Rats. Masters thesis, Padmavathi College of Pharmacy & Research Institute, Dharmapuri.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Peptic ulcer disease refers to pathological lesions and ulcers of any portion of gastrointestinal tract exposed to acid activated pepsin. Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) differs from gastritis and erosions in that ulcers typically extend deeper into the muscular is mucosa. There are three common forms of peptic ulcers: Helicobacter pylorus (H. pylori) associated Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSADI) Induced, and stress ulcers. The term “Stress-related mucosal damage” (SRMD) is preferred to stress ulcer or stress gastritis, because the mucosal lesions range from superficial gastritis and erosions to deep ulcers. Gastric ulcer refers to ulcer in the stomach where as duodenal ulcer is an ulcer found in duodenum of small intestine. Peptic ulcer is one of the major health problem both in terms of morbidity and in terms of mortality. Research advances have offered new sights in the the therapy and prevention of gastro duodenal ulcerations by measures directed at strengthening the mucosal defense systems rather than by attenuating aggressive acid pepsin factors held responsible for the induction of ulcers. Most of the peptic ulcers are duodenal in nature. The cause of ulceration in patients is mainly due to hyper-secretion of gastric juice and pepsin. The other forms of peptic ulcers are Zollinger-Elllison syndrome, drug associated ulcers and stress ulcers. Treatment options available are use of muco protective agents, antacids, alginates, motility stimulants and acid suppressants. Anti reflux surgery is done in severe cases. In spite of established anti-ulcer drugs, a rational therapy for peptic ulcer remains elusive and search for safer potential drugs is being carried out. AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: The aim of present study is to evaluate Anti-ulcer activity of Pithecellobium dulce seed extracts by pylorus ligation method in Albino Wistar strain rats. Many plants showing Anti-ulcer activity is due to the presence of antioxidants, Pithecellobium dulce seeds has not been explored for the Anti-ulcer Activity but the plant possess antioxidant activity according to the phytochemistry and pharmacological properties of Pithecellobium dulce an overview. Hence my objective and my future work were concentrated on the Anti-ulcer activity of Pithecellobium dulce seeds. DISCUSSION: Peptic ulcer and gastritis have been associated with multi pathogenic factors and could be due to disturbances in natural balances between the aggressive factors (e.g. of acid, bicarbonate, pepsin) and maintenance of the mucosal integrity through the endogenous defense mechanism. Generally various non specific methods are used to restore these imbalances including regular food intake, adequate rest, and avoidance of ulcerogenic agents (e.g. tobacco, alcohol and coffee).Their aims are to attenuate and possibly block the gastric acid secretion or to enhance the mucosal defense mechanisms. The latter can be achieved through increasing mucus production, stabilizing the surface epithelial cells, or interfering with the prostaglandin synthesis. In addition there are also drugs, such as pump inhibitors, histamine (H2)-antagonists, anti cholinergics and antacids, used in the treatment of ulcer. The H2 receptor is a G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) that activates the Gsadenylcyclase- cyclic AMP-PKA pathway. The H2 Receptor antagonists inhibit acid production by reversibly competing with histamine for binding to H2 receptors on the basolateral membrane of parietal cells. Four different H2 –receptor antagonists, which differ mainly in their pharmacokinetics and propensity to cause drug interactions, are available in the United States: cimetidine (TAGAMET), Ranitidine (ZANTAC), famotidine (PEPCID),and nizatidine(AXID). These drugs are less potent than proton pump inhibitors but still suppress 24-hour gastric acid secretion by about 70%. We evaluated effects of ethanolic and aqueous extracts obtained from Pithecellobium dulce seeds in animals using the different standard experimental models of induced gastric ulcers. In case of Pylorus ligation model, The total acidity was decreased. Circular and linear lesions were frequently observed in the stomach of all the control animals. Administration of Pithecellobium dulce extracts resulted in a significant reduction in ulcer index in dose dependent manner when compared to control, despite the availability of many pharmaceutical products for the treatment of gastric ulcers in the market as mentioned above, their successes were limited by presence of several adverse effects (e.g. anaphylaxis reactions, gynecomastia, hematopoietic changes, thrombocytopenia, acute interstial nephritis, nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity). Due to the reported side effects of available antiulcer drugs, focused have been shifted towards natural products as the new sources of antiulcer agents. CONCLUSION: Here present study was carried out to investigate anti-ulcer activity of Ethanolic and Aqueous extracts of Pithecellobium dulce seeds in pylorus ligation induced ulcer in the Wistar albino strain rats. It has not produced any lethal effect up to the dose level of 2000mg/kg during acute toxicity testing. The Aqueous extract of Pithecellobium dulce showed significant Anti ulcer activity. Pithecellobium dulce belongs to the family Mimosoideae and the qualitative photochemical study reveals the presence of saponins, sterols, glycosides, flavonoids, fixed oils and fats, gums and mucilage. The present study provided preliminary data for the first time that the seeds of Pithecellobium dulce possess significant anti ulcer activity in animal models. It has a gastric anti secretary effect that is comparable to reference drug Ranitidine. The anti ulcer activity is probably due to presence of bioactive compounds like Flavonoids and sterol. The observation justifies the ethanomedical uses of the plant as anti ulcer agent and as antacid in addition to its nutritional values. Histopathological studies of the stomach in pylorus ligation models exhibit normal architecture of stomach tissue. This protective effect might have been mediated by both anti-secretary and cytoprotective mechanisms .Standard dose of Ranitidine and Extracts of Pithecellobium dulce significantly decreased the gastric volume, total acidity, free acidity and ulcer index. Among the extracts AEPD with 100mg/kg is more effective compared to EEPD 100mg/kg. So I concluded that my plant Pithecellobium dulce possessing Anti ulcer activity according to the data and further research work can be carried out to different formulations. However there is a shortage of clinical trial regarding its potency and efficacy.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Additional Information: | Reg.No.261325752 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Anti-Ulcer Activity ; Pithecellobium Dulce Seeds ; Albino Wistar Strain Rats |
| Subjects: | PHARMACY > Pharmacology |
| Depositing User: | Ravindran C |
| Date Deposited: | 22 Mar 2018 11:47 |
| Last Modified: | 22 Mar 2018 11:47 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/6431 |
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