Saravanan, R (2016) Evaluation of In-Vitro and In-Vivo Anticancer Activity of Leaf Extracts of Amaranthus Spinosus Linn. Masters thesis, College of Pharmacy Madras Medical College, Chennai.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Cancer is an enormous global health burden, touching every region and socioeconomic group. Tobacco use is a major cause of the increasing global burden of cancer as the number of smokers worldwide continues to grow[1]. World wide cancer incidence and mortalitystatistics are taken from the International Agency for Research on Cancer GLOBOCAN database and also the World Health Organisation, Global Health Observatory and the United Nations World Population Prospects report. 1. In 2008 approximately 12.7million cancers were diagnosed (excluding non-melanoma skin cancers and other non-invasive cancers). In 2010 nearly 13.98 million cancers were diagnosed. In 2012, an estimated 14.1 million new cases of cancer occurred worldwide. More than half of cancers occurring worldwide are in less developed regions. 2. The four most common cancers occurring worldwide are lung, female breast, bowel and prostate cancer. These four cancers account for around 4 in 10 of all cancers diagnosed worldwide. 3. Lung cancer is the most common cancer in men worldwide. More than 1 in 10 of all cancers diagnosed in men is lung cancers. It accounts 1.4 million deaths in worldwide. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: a) Successive extraction of leaf of Amaranthus spinosus by hot percolation method using the different solvents. b) To evaluate the safety of the effective extract of Amaranthus spinosus by acute toxicity studies in Swiss Albino mice. c) To evaluate the In-vitro cytotoxic activity of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of Amaranthus spinosus Linn. in Human Cervical Cancerous cell line (HeLa- Henrietta Lackes) by MTT assay. d) To evaluate the In-vivo anticancer activity of effective extract of Amaranthus spinosus Linn. by DLA on Swiss Albino mice. DISCUSSION: Cancer is considered as a serious health problem worldwide. Tumor is a mass of tissues which proliferative, spread throughout the body and may eventually cause death of the host[83]. With increase in mortality rates among patients suffering from cancer with limited success being achieved in clinical therapies including radiation, chemotherapy, immune modulation and surgery in treating cancer patients, there arises a need for new way for cancer management. Natural phytochemicals derived from medicinal plants have attained a greater significance in potential management of several diseases including cancer. Several researches have been carried carcinogenic causes [84]. Discovery of very effective herbs and elucidation of their underlying mechanisms could lead to development of an alternative and complimentary method for cancer prevention and treatment. Medicinal plants constitute a common alternative for cancer prevention and treatment in many countries around the world. Currently more than 3000 plants around the world have been reported to possess anticancer property. Screening of different plant components in search of anticancer drugs is one of the main research activities throughout the world. Vinca alkaloids and cytotoxic podophyllotoxins were discovered in the 1950s as first anticancer agents from plants. Amaranthus spinosus are traditionally used as cosmetics, dyes and colouring agent and medicinally used to treat diabetes mellitus, diuretic, internal bleeding, anthelmintic, anti-pyretic and anti- inflammatory etc. The Phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of leaves of Amaranthus spinosus revealed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, tannins, steroids and carbohydrates. The ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extracts didn't show the presence of flavonoids and glycosides. The ethanolic extracts revealed the presence of flavonoids and glycosides which shows that it may anticancer activity and destroy cancer cells. In-vitro cytotoxicity assay Dried leaf part of Amaranthus spinosus were extracted with solvents like Petroleum ether, Ethyl acetate and Ethanol. In-vitro cytotoxic activity was carried out in Human Cervical Cancer cell line (HeLa) with extracts of Petroleum ether, Ethyl acetate and Ethanol. Test for cytotoxicity was carried out by MTT assay. Among the three extracts evaluated, the effective extract was found to be Ethanol extract with IC50 value of 15.6μg/ml followed by ethyl acetate and petroleum ether with IC50 value of 62.5μg/ml and 15.6μg/ml respectively. Linearity was expressed with help of graph plotted in Microsoft excel. By carrying out MTT assay ethanol extract was found to be more effective of all three extracts and further studies carried out with ethanol extract. Acute toxicity studies were carried out by using Swiss albino mice at dose level up to 2000mg/kg. CONCLUSION: 1. In-vitrostudies by MTT assay, the ethanol extract of Amaranthus spinosus L. was found to be effective, which shows viability 50% of cell growth at concentration in 15.6μg/ml. 2. The ethanolic extract of Amaranthus spinosus L. (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) exhibited significant reduction in packed cell volume and viable Tumor cell count and also increase the life span of cells in DLA induced tumor mice. 3. In- vivo studies of Amaranthus spinosus L. ethanolic extract revealed by enhancing the survivability of the tumor bearing mice. Thus it was concluded that the ethanol extract of Amaranthus spinosus L. has antitumor activity. On the basis of the above result it was suggested that, the In-vitro and In-vivo anticancer activity of ethanolic extract of Amaranthus spinosus leaves possessed significant anticancer effect. This may probably due to the presence of phytochemicals such as phenols, terpenoids and flavonoids. Further isolation and purification of bioactive compound from Amaranthus spinosus may reveal the presence of potent novel anticancer agent and also to unveil the molecular mechanism behind its therapeutic action.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Additional Information: | Reg.No. 261426066 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Evaluation ; In-Vitro ; In-Vivo Anticancer Activity ; Leaf Extracts ; Amaranthus Spinosus Linn. |
| Subjects: | PHARMACY > Pharmacology |
| Depositing User: | Ravindran C |
| Date Deposited: | 20 Mar 2018 06:31 |
| Last Modified: | 20 Mar 2018 09:47 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/6400 |
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