Satish Kumar, M N (2009) Evaluation of Some Medicinal Plants for their Antiseptic and Wound Healing Properties. Doctoral thesis, The Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai.
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Abstract
In the present investigations an attempt has been made to study the antiseptic and wound healing properties of hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum sanctum (HEOS) and Ocimum basilicum (HEOB). Studies were also directed towards the evaluation of in vitro antibacterial and antifungal and in vivo antifungal activity of HEOS and HEOB in non immunocompromised and immunocompromised mice. Safety studies (repeated dose 28 day sub acute oral toxicity) of these extracts were also carried out in rats. The phytochemical studies of HEOS and HEOB reveal the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids and flavonoids. Studies reveal 7.5 mg/g and 9.0mg/g of phenolic compounds, 2.5mg/g and 3.0mg/g of flavonoids in HEOS and HEOB, respectively. The quantitative analysis of phytoconstituents by high performance liquid chromatography revealed, 1.3 mg/g eugenol, 0.73mg/g rosmarinic acid, 0.4 mg/g rutin and 0.15mg/g quercetin in HEOS and 6.2 mg/g querectin, 1.2 mg/g rosmarinic acid, 0.9 mg/g rutin and 0.4 mg/g eugenol in HEOB. Nitric oxide scavenging test reveal an IC50 value of 340.1 for HEOB and 283.8 for HEOS. The in vitro antifungal studies reveal an MIC at 12.5μg/ml against C.albicans for both HEOS and HEOB. The effect of HEOS and HEOB on experimental systemic candidiasis in non immunocompromised and immunocompromised mice was studied. The data reveal that the mortality rate is high in both vehicle treated, non immunocompromised and immunocompromised mice. However, the mortality rate is lower in HEOS and HEOB treated groups. Dissemination of C.albicans in various organs reveals significant number of cfu in brain, heart, liver, lungs, kidney and intestine. Number of cfu reduce significantly in both non immunocompromised and immunocompromised mice treated with HEOS and HEOB. Histopathology of intestine, liver and kidney also supports these findings. The investigations on experimentally induced candidiasis under gastrointestinal colonization reveal that mice that received antibiotics show a significant colonization. However, mice treated with HEOS and HEOB show a sustained decreased colonization at tested dose levels upon analysis of the number of cfu in fecal samples. The present findings demonstrate that a highly significant colonization by C.albicans on intestine, kidney, liver and lungs of both vehicle treated non immunocompromised and immunocompromised mice. These reduce significantly in HEOS and HEOB treated mice. The histological examination of these organs also confirms the same. The results obtained in the investigations on oral candidiasis shows the protective effect of HEOS and HEOB in immunocompromised mice at tested dose levels. The histological examination of tongue and oral mucosal layer support these findings. Our findings on HEOS and HEOB against experimental induced candidiasis models suggest that HEOS has better anticandidal activity in all three models when compared to HEOB. The total phenolic compounds, eugenol and rosmarinic acid content in these plants may play an important role against systemic candidiasis, which was high in HEOS than HEOB. The findings suggest that HEOS may be potential candidate for the treatment of systemic candidiasis. Formulations of cream and gel were developed according to standard methods. Among the cream and gel, the cream shows better physical properties when compared to gel. The cream was therefore, tested against vaginal candidiasis, antimycotic and for would healing property. The effect of 2% and 4% creams on experimental vaginal candidiasis reveal increased fungal burden in vaginal secretions of vehicle treated in both non immunocompromised and immunocompromised mice, whereas 2% and 4% cream significantly decreased the fungal burden in both conditions from day 3 onwards. Investigations on antimycotic activity reveal that both HEOS and HEOB creams exhibit antimycotic activity and they also markedly decrease erythema induced by C.albicans in guinea pigs at tested dose levels. The present studies on experimental vaginal candidiasis and antimycotic activity suggest that HEOB has a better efficacy against both these models when compared to HEOS. Further, a comparison of phytochemical reports among these plants suggests that flavonoids may play a major role against vaginal and superficial fungal infections. HEOB may, therefore, be potential candidate for the treatment of vaginal and superficial fungal infections than HEOS. The investigations on infectious wounds in excision and incision model reveal that both HEOS and HEOB (2% and 4% creams) have significant antiseptic and wound healing property in rats. The present findings also suggest that both HEOS and HEOB cause faster epithelization, and capillary proliferation with maximum degree of fibroblast deposition, and facilitate the migration of polymorphs, lymphocytes and macrophages over the infected wound area. The investigations of repeated dose 28 day oral toxicity demonstrate increased total leucocyte, platelet, red blood corpuscles count and haemoglobin percentage and increased ALAT levels at 800 mg/kg dose of both HEOS and HEOB. It suggests that both HEOS and HEOB have mild dose related toxicity on liver and haematological parameters. It may be concluded from the present investigations on HEOS and HEOB that both the plant extracts possess anticandidal activity against systemic, vaginal and superficial infections in non immunocompromised and immunocompromised conditions. The findings further suggest the anticandidal activity of both Ocimum sanctum and Ocimum basilicum, may be due to the following factors; • antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds and flavonoids of both plants may contribute to anticandidal activity, • nitric oxide mediated candidacidal pathway, • quercetin, rosmarinic acid, rutin, and eugenol are bioactive phytoprinciples responsible for anticandidal activity, • increased total leucocytes and lymphocytes develop cell mediated immunity, • induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF- α and IL-1α. In addition, both HEOS and HEOB possess antiseptic and wound healing property, due to multiple positive factors, such as, • faster epithelization, • increased collagen deposition, • neovasculization, • inhibition of lipid peroxidation levels and • antioxidant activity of total phenolic compounds and flavonoids, and bioactive phytoprinciples such as quercetin, rutin and rosmarinic acid. It is suggested, therefore, that both HEOS and HEOB are potential candidates for the treatment of septic wounds and for systemic, vaginal and superficial candidal infections. They may be used as complementary medicine in antifungal chemotherapy. Further clinical studies are required to establish this.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
|---|---|
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Evaluation, Medicinal plants, antiseptic, wound healing properties. |
| Subjects: | PHARMACY > Pharmaceutics |
| Depositing User: | Devi S |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Jun 2017 06:13 |
| Last Modified: | 16 Sep 2022 02:29 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/506 |
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