Shobha, P (2012) Ocular manifestations in patients with chronic kidney disease : a hospital based study. Masters thesis, Stanley Medical College, Chennai.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide health problem. There is a rising incidence of renal failure due to chronic kidney disease and this phenomenon is common in both the developed and under developed countries. There is a significant mortality and morbidity associated with this condition and it drastically reduces the quality of the patient’s life. Normal functions of the kidneys can be affected by a variety of diseases and medical conditions. These cause a reduction in GFR, metabolic imbalances and retention of harmful waste products. A majority of patients progress to end stage kidney disease and may require dialysis or renal transplantation. Chronic kidney disease leads to a lot of systemic effects that affects a variety of systems in the body. The eye also shows changes due to long standing kidney disease. Some systemic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and auto immune disorders affect the kidneys as well as the eye. Ocular manifestations may arise as a result of the primary diseases causing renal failure or as a result of the secondary effects of renal failure itself. It is thus very difficult to ascertain whether the systemic effects are due to the disease which caused the renal failure or secondary to the changes caused by the kidney disease unless the patient is monitored continuously throughout the course of the disease. AIM OF THE STUDY: Chronic Kidney Disease affects every organ system including the eye. The requirement for a routine ophthalmic examination for all patients with chronic kidney disease and its role in the prevention of visual loss cannot be over emphasized. The aim of the study is to conduct a thorough ocular examination and to study the occurrence of various ocular manifestations exhibited by patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and to analyse the findings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a Cross Sectional, Descriptive, Non interventional, Hospital based study. The period of study was for 15 months, from August 2010 to October 2011. Institutional Ethical Committee approval for conducting the study was obtained. Patients presenting to Department of Nephrology, Stanley Medical College diagnosed with Chronic Kidney Disease were examined for ocular manifestations at the Department of Ophthalmology, Stanley Medical College. Sampling technique was consecutive and 100 patients (200 eyes) were enrolled in this study. Importance of ocular evaluation were explained to the patients. Evaluation procedures were explained and an informed consent was obtained. After obtaining consent 200 eyes of the enrolled patients were examined thoroughly. Results of blood and urine investigations performed at Nephrology department were collected. RESULTS: The age distribution in the study group was more or less even, with the patients in the age group 30 – 39 slightly more than the rest. Mean age of the patients with chronic kidney disease is 44.2. Male patients formed 72% of the total patients in the study group. The average male : female ratio was 2.6:1. CONCLUSION: CKD is the end result of multiple systemic diseases or primary renal disease. During the natural course of the disease it affects multiple systems of the body including the eye. Detailed ocular examination was conducted in 100 patients in varying stages of CKD. In this study hypertension was the single main cause of CKD followed by DM and HT together. In this study most of the patients were having their eyes examined for the first time. This shows the lack of awareness of the importance of early ocular evaluation among the patients. This study is an attempt to assess the ocular status and complications associated with chronic kidney disease. It is intended to highlight the importance of ocular examination in all patients with chronic kidney disease irrespective of the presence of ocular symptoms so that necessary treatment or advice can be given before they cause irreversible visual impairment.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Ocular manifestations; chronic kidney disease |
| Subjects: | MEDICAL > Ophthalmology |
| Depositing User: | Devi S |
| Date Deposited: | 21 Sep 2017 06:06 |
| Last Modified: | 21 Sep 2017 06:06 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/3234 |
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