Poornima, M (2012) Phytochemical Screening, Elemental Analysis and Antimicrobial Activity on Flower Part of Three Hibiscus Species. Masters thesis, Adhiparasakthi College of Pharmacy, Melmaruvathur.
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Abstract
The present study was designed to find out the chemical composition of the flower part of Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Hibiscus syriacus and Hibiscus arnottianus by using novel instrumentation techniques as a part of their standardization and compared their antimicrobial activity. Medicinal plants containing inherent active ingredients used to cure or prevent the diseases. The use of traditional medicines and medicinal plants in most developing countries as therapeutic agents for the maintenance of good health has been widely observed. So, the identification of bioactive compounds in plants, their isolation, purification and characterization of active ingredients in crude extracts by various analytical methods is important. The active compounds from the flowers of Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Hibiscus syriacus and Hibiscus arnottianus were extracted by using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol and their physical properties were calculated and the extractive value was presented in the following order, Methanol > Ethyl acetate > Petroleum ether It was identified that methanol has a stronger extraction capacity which could have produced greater number of polar active constituents. So, in the present study, the further evaluations were made by using methanolic extract of flowers of Hibiscus species. On qualitative screening of phytochemicals and vitamins in flower of Hibiscus species showed the presence of carbohydrates, protein, glycosides, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, Steroids, thiamine, niacin, riboflavin and ascorbic acid. The answered phytochemicals and vitamins were subjected for quantitative screening and found that the concentration of flavonoids, total phenolic content, tannins, carbohydrates and protein were present in the following order, Hibiscus syriacus > Hibiscus arnottianus > Hibiscus rosa sinensis. In case of vitamins, the concentration of thiamine, niacin, riboflavin& ascorbic acid were more in Hibiscus rosa sinensis than Hibiscus syriacus and Hibiscus arnottianus. The data obtained from proximate analysis of flower powder of Hibiscus species such as total ash, acid insoluble, water soluble and sulphated ash concluded that the total ash and acid insoluble ash was found to be high in Hibiscus arnottianus than Hibiscus syriacus and Hibiscus rosa sinensis whereas water soluble and sulphated ash were more in Hibiscus rosa sinensis than Hibiscus syriacus and Hibiscus arnottianus. The inorganic elements were qualitatively analyzed in flower powder of Hibiscus species and found to contain calcium, iron, phosphorus in three species and the other elements such as sodium & potassium were present only in the flower of Hibiscus syriacus and Hibiscus arnottianus. The data obtained on elemental concentration of the Hibiscus species by atomic absorption spectroscopy were reported. However, the results showed that Hibiscus arnottianus had maximum concentration of calcium and phosphorus than Hibiscus syriacus and Hibiscus rosa sinensis whereas Hibiscus arnottianus contains higher content of iron than Hibiscus rosa sinensis and Hibiscus syriacus. The detailed analysis for the comparison and standardization of the flowers of Hibiscus species were made by TLC, UV, FT-IR, HPTLC and GC-MS finger printing studies. The results from preliminary phytochemical screening of methanolic flower extract of Hibiscus species were again confirmed by TLC chromatographic profile developed with various mobile phase and visualizing agents. The UV absorbance peaks of the methanolic flower extract of Hibiscus species were listed in Table.5.10. The methanolic flower extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis showed one max at 272.5 nm where as Hibiscus syriacus and the Hibiscus arnottianus showed two max values at 257 nm & 358.5 nm and 256.5 nm & 351 nm. The IR spectrum of the methanolic flower extracts of Hibiscus species had the characteristic absorption peak and were reported in Table.5.11, 5.12 and 5.13. The finger print region of the extracts was found to be dissimilar. The IR spectrum of the flower extract of Hibiscus rosa sinensis showed about 18 peaks where as the Hibiscus syriacus showed 16 peaks and the flower of Hibiscus arnottianus showed 15 peaks. The IR spectral data showed the presence of O-H, N-H, C-H, C-N, N-O, S-O and N-N stretchings in all the flower extracts of Hibiscus species. The peaks at 2852, 1107, 890 & 663 were absent in Hibiscus arnottianus when compared to Hibiscus rosa sinensis and Hibiscus syriacus. All the extracts were found to have band between 3400-3200 cm-1 showing the presence of O-H group, this confirmed the presence of phenolic compounds which may be responsible for the antimicrobial activity. HPTLC studies revealed that methanolic flower extract of flower of Hibiscus rosa sinensis gives 26 spots on TLC plate whereas Hibiscus syriacus and Hibiscus arnottianus gives 27 & 23 spots respectively. The GC-MS analysis represented the presence of 26, 27 & 23 components in the extracts of Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Hibiscus syriacus and Hibiscus arnottianus respectively. The resolved components were tentatively identified by NIST08.LIB, WILEY8.LIB, and FAME.LIB library sources. The chemical composition of the extracts of Hibiscus species showed difference in both quantitative and qualitative aspects. The Hibiscus rosa sinensis, Hibiscus syriacus and Hibiscus arnottianus consisted mainly of gamma-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and 6-oxoheptanoic acid respectively as major composition. The constituents such as 3-deoxy-d-mannonic acid, 2, 3- dihydro benzo furan, ethyl 4-chloro benzoate, lauric acid, 4-methyl 2,5dimethoxy benzaldehyde, methyl hexadecanoate, methyl linoleate, 2-monopalmitin and methy petroselate were found to be common in both Hibiscus rosa sinensis and Hibiscus syriacus. Two compounds such as ergost-5-enol and 1-eicosanol were common in Hibiscus rosa sinensis and Hibiscus arnottianus. The only compound called gaunosine was common in Hibiscus arnottianus and Hibiscus syriacus. The constituents, pyrrolidine, 2-amino-9-(3,4- dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-3,9-dihydro-purin,4-cyclopentene-1,3diol, mome inositol, n-capric acid and mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate were present only in Hibiscus rosa sinensis whereas acetin, ethyl 2-chlorobenzoate, 1,4-anhydrohexitol, methyl palmitate, palmitic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydromethyl)ethyl palmitate, 1,2-epoxynonadecane, tetracosane, alpha-glyceryl linoleate, erucylamide and glycerol were present only in Hibiscus arnottianus. Tetrahydrofuran-5-on-2-methanol, propyl acetate, 1, 2, 4-cyclopentanetriol, methyl stearate, palmitaldehyde,n-hexatriacontane, docosane and pentatriacontane were present only in Hibiscus syriacus. The data obtained from antimicrobial activity, the methanolic flower extract of Hibiscus syriacus and Hibiscus arnottianus showed superior antibacterial and antifungal activity respectively due to the presence of the high content of flavonoids and phenolics when compared to Hibiscus rosa sinensis.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Phytochemical Screening; Elemental Analysis; Antimicrobial Activity; Flower Part; Hibiscus Species |
| Subjects: | PHARMACY > Pharmaceutical Chemistry |
| Depositing User: | Ravindran C |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Aug 2017 06:35 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Aug 2017 06:35 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/2654 |
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