Deepika, Nayak (2014) Analysis of risk factors for carcinoma breast in South Indian women. Masters thesis, Cancer Institute (WIA), Chennai.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION : As per National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) data, the percentage of breast cancer relative to total cases have increased in South India particularly in Bangalore and Chennai . At present breast cancer accounts for 27% of all cancer in women in Chennai, compared to only 16.2% in 1982. The survival rates of patients with breast cancer vary significantly between developed and developing countries because of inadequate early detection programmes and lack of necessary infrastructure for providing treatment in the developing countries.. Coleman et al, reported more than 80% survival from breast cancer in North America and Europe compared with 60% in middle-income countries and 40% in low-income countries (1). The risk factors for breast cancer are not constant and vary even within in a nation, given that individuals follow different life style, religion, customs, habits etc. Risk factors of breast cancer have been broadly grouped into modifiable and non modifiable . Modifiable risk factors include those factors a person can control. Example; weight, BMI, age at first child birth, breast feeding, hormone replacement therapy, socioeconomic status, alcohol consumption, dietary changes with miscellaneous risk factors like night shift work, decreased sleep, abortions etc. Non modifiable risk factors or fixed factors include age, gender, family history of breast cancer, age at menarche and menopause, exposure to radiation etc. In this study, an attempt has been made to identify most prevalent risk factors in South Indian women. AIM : To identify the most prevalent risk factors for carcinoma breast in South Indian women. To Identify the women at higher risk. To introduce life style modifications in high risk patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS : A few hypotheses that we proposed at the beginning of this thesis included, 1. Breast cancer risk increases with advancing age in South Indian women. 2. Women with an earlier age of menarche and late age at menopause will have a higher risk of breast cancer than women with a later age of menarche and an early menopause. 3. Women with a later age at the first child birth will have a higher breast cancer risk than women with an early age at first child birth. 4. Women with history of abortions will have a higher risk of breast cancer than women with no history of abortions. 5. Women with a higher body mass index will have a higher risk of breast cancer than women with lower body mass index. 6. Women who do moderate exercise regularly have lower risk of developing breast cancer than women who lead a sedentary life. 7. Breast cancer risk is related to the socioeconomic status (income, education and occupation). 8. Women with higher parity have a lesser risk for breast cancer than nulliparous women. This is a case-control study analysing risk factors of breast cancer. It has been done by recruiting cases from Cancer institute, Adyar and by recruiting controls amongst healthy indiviuals who were either residents of Chennai, or relatives/friends of (nonhormone dependant) cancer patients. Cases and controls were contacted in person. Indiviuals were asked questions to ascertain that the candidates fulfilled the inclusion criteria. DISCUSSION : This project sought to examine the relationships of a number of risk factors, both known and suspected, with breast cancer risk. Recommendations have been put forth for adopting new strategies to reduce risk of breast cancer among women. Breast cancer is a major public health concern. There is a general lack of awareness amongst women about breast cancer .There is also dearth of measures taken to implement prevention ie implement life style changes which can reduce risk of breast cancer. The frequency matching of cases and controls based on age was done. Hence, influence of age on breast cancer risk in the study population could not be assessed. A strong association was detected between a number of risk factors and breast cancer in both univariate and multivariate analysis. In the univariate analysis there was a strong association between breast cancer and risk factors such as duration of breast feeding, history of abortions, degree of physical activity, menopausal status, socioeconomic status and residential areas.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | carcinoma breast ; risk factors ; Analysis ; South Indian women. |
| Subjects: | MEDICAL > Surgical Oncology |
| Depositing User: | Kambaraman B |
| Date Deposited: | 26 Jul 2017 02:48 |
| Last Modified: | 26 Jul 2017 02:48 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/2132 |
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