Aseel Abdul Majeed, (2021) Evaluation of Psychological Distress among Patients Consuming Tobacco and Alcohol at Tertiary Care Hospital in Dharmapuri. Masters thesis, Padmavathi College of Pharmacy, Dharmapuri.
|
Text
261510421aseel_abdul_majeed.pdf Download (2MB) | Preview |
Abstract
Alcohol consumption and tobacco use are closely linked behaviors. Thus, not only people who drink alcohol more likely to smoke (and vice versa) but also people who drink larger amounts of alcohol tend to smoke more cigarettes the present study found that high-risk alcohol consumption, high psychological distress and current smoking were all significantly and independently associated with a greater likelihood of presenting to an emergency department in the last year, after adjusting for age, sex, household income and marital status. When these three risk factors are combined, the rate of emergency department presentation is higher than for each risk factor on its own. Many of these findings were significantly different between sex and age groups. In particular, it was notable that people aged 41-50 years had the highest rates of emergency department presentations and also the highest rates of having high psychological distress, and being a current smoker alcohol consumption, mental health problems and smoking with increased morbidity and mortality, there is inconclusive evidence about how these risk factors combine and if they are associated with increased attendance at emergency departments the population-level associations and interactions between alcohol consumption, psychological distress and smoking status with having presented to an emergency department. ❖ It is important to gain a better understanding of the independent and interactive effects of these risk factors and how they relate to emergency care in order to develop targeted prevention and intervention strategies in psychological distress. ❖ In the present study, 200 subjects were analyzed regarding their tobacco and alcohol induced psychological distress and its consequences. The study revealed that majority of patients hospitalized were in the range, highest number of patients were under the age group of 41-50 followed by 61-70, 51-60, 31-40, 21-30, 71-80 and 81-90 i.e. 49 (24%), 45 (23%), 39 (19%), 34 (17%), 20 (10%), 10 (5%) and 1 (0.5%) patients respectively and the results found were supported by James Tsai [et al.]. ❖ Among 200 patient’s males were 193(96%) whereas females were 7 (4%) indicating male patients are dominant over females which is similar to the study conducted by A.M. Reis [et al.] and Drum [et al.]. This may be due to males have more reward effects than females. ❖ The prevalence of smoking in the present study is 7 (3%), in which 9 (5%) consumed smokeless tobacco. The prevalence of alcohol use in patients is 25 (12%) and the results were supported by Patel J. [et al.] and Pathak NK [et al.] and David J. Drobes [et al.] ❖ Presence of co-morbidities tells that, there are 50% of the patients suffering from either one or two or three or more than three co-morbidities and also reveals that maximum of the patients without co-morbidities will be prone them in near future i.e., AKI, Hypertension, T2DM, CVA, CAD, DCLD and COPD with 1%, 17%, 7.5%, 3.5%, 0.5% and 1% and this study is supported by Saida sultan [et al.] ❖ Stress is considered as a major attribute for getting used to these social habits and also one of the reasons for not opting to cessation. This is due to increase in cortisol hormone in the patients, thus acting as stress-reliever. ❖ Studies suggest that people who are dependent on alcohol are three times more likely to smoke and people who are dependent on smoke are four times more likely to dependent on alcohol. As they potentiate each other’s effects. Combined use: the prevalence of co-use increased across socioeconomic status with poorer households co-using more than richer households. Tobacco consumption prevalence increased with poorer households than richer households as done by NirunIntarut [et al.] Alcohol-related mortality and morbidity are high in socioeconomically low populations compared with individuals from advantaged areas Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi [et al.]. ❖ Among 200 patients the risk of psychological distress based on FAST + AUDIT scale 129 patients are with Possible dependence, followed by 21 patients with increased risk and higher risk and 29 patients have lower risk respectively study which is similar to Nerys Williams [et al.] and based on K-10 scale Out of 200 patients, based on k-10 questionnaire 129 patients are with Moderate risk, followed by 55 patients are with higher risk , 16 patients are with moderate risk and zero patients have lower risk respectively. ❖ Tobacco and alcohol consumption are the two social behaviors having interdependence on each other. These habits lead to consequences such as health related and socio-economic consequences. To reduce the repercussions and to increase patient quality of life in all terms, clinical pharmacist plays a major role in enhancing the positive outcomes in the patients, thus decreasing morbidity and mortality. As clinical pharmacist the most accessible person of the health care team to help the patient to overcome these habits by providing counselling regarding the withdrawal benefits and educating the patients regarding dependence, available interventions and economic benefits and referring them to rehabilitation centers. By monitoring the prescriptions we gauze them for drug interactions with social habits and also update the physician regarding these issues and the recent interventions available for treating these issues. ❖ As a clinical pharmacist by providing counselling sessions to the patients and if necessary for family members and opting them to accept the risks and benefits caused by these habits will provide more abstinence in the patients and helps in improving patient quality of life. CONCLUSION: The combination of being a high-risk consumer of alcohol, having high psychological distress, and being a current smoker are associated with increased presentations to emergency departments, independent of age and sex. Now a days usage of alcohol and tobacco has been drastically increased it leads to several psychological distress it has been controlled by providing counselling to the dependent patients or by decreasing the manufacturing of addictive’s this may lead to decrease in consumption and intake vice versa increase in patient health related quality of life. So, co-ordination of clinical pharmacist along with physicians as a member of health care team is necessary to improve the psychology of patients in eradicating the tobacco and alcohol consumption habits.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Reg.No.261940703 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Evaluation, Psychological Distress, Patients, Consuming Tobacco and Alcohol, Tertiary Care Hospital, Dharmapuri. |
| Subjects: | PHARMACY > Pharmacy Practice |
| Depositing User: | Subramani R |
| Date Deposited: | 24 May 2023 03:29 |
| Last Modified: | 24 May 2023 03:29 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/21275 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |
