Jenifer Vimala, M (2022) A Toxicity study on Muthu Parpam. Masters thesis, Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai.
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Abstract
Muthu Paṟpam preparation was selected from one the Siddha classical literature, Theriyar Tharu. Page No 61-62. The pearls were purchased from the wholesale retail shop dealer for pearls in Thoothukudi district. The plant Sinapis alba L is planted in the herbal garden in Government Siddha Medical College campus, Palayamkottai. Muthu and Sinapis alba L are authenticated by experts of Gunapadam and Medicinal botany department in Government Siddha Medical College and Hospital, Palayamkottai. ❖ After purification of the raw drugs and Muthu Paṟpam (MP) was prepared as per the literary evidence. MP was subjected to biological screening and pesticide residue testing. The standardization of MP is done by Bio Chemical analysis, Physico chemical and instrumental analysis as per PLIM guidelines. ❖ Physico chemical analysis of the drug MP qualitatively proves the features of Parpam as per the Siddha concepts. Whitish gray powder, Odourless, lusterless, tasteless in nature. The pH value indicated the alkaline nature of the Medicine. ❖ Bio chemical analysis: The elements such as calcium, sulphate, chloride, carbonate, ferrous iron, amino acid, zinc was present in MP. ❖ HPTLC analysis: The peaks reveal the presence of four phytocomponents in the drug MP. The Rf value of the peaks ranges from 0.01-0.91. ❖ ICP – OES analysis of MP: The heavy metals such as Arsenic, Mercury, Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Zinc are absent in the medicine MP. Also indicates the presence of the elements below, from higher to lower concentration - Calcium, Phosphorus, Carbon, Sodium, Magnesium, Iron, Potassium. ❖ SEM AND XRD analysis: MP report shows the drug is Nano particle in size. This increases the absorption and potency of the Medicine MP. The XRD spectra lines indicates the presence of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) and confirms that the MP is in crystalline nature and orthorhombic in structure. ❖ Acute oral toxicity studies (14 days): In acute oral toxicity was done as per OECD guideline- 423 with levels four different dose (5mg/50mg/300mg/2000mg) of Muthu Paṟpam were administered as a single oral dose and observed for 14 days. The body weight, food and water intake of animals of both control and drug treated groups were normal. No pathological changes have been noted in the vital organs during necropsy of the animals on the 15th day of the study. There is No-Observed-Adverse-Effect- Level (NOAEL) of Muthu Paṟpam even at the dosage of 2000 mg/kg throughout the study period. It indicates that the LD50 of Muthu Paṟpam is more than 2000 mg/kg body weight of the animal. ❖ Sub-Acute oral toxicity studies (28 days): Sub-Acute oral toxicity study was conducted for 28 days as per the OECD guideline – 407 in 5 grouped animals at three dose levels. Low dose - 300 mg/kg, Mid dose - 600mg/kg, High dose -1200 mg/kg respectively. All the treated dose groups survived throughout the dosing period of 28 days. The animals in the control group were treated with 2 ml of distilled water while the Vehicle control group received 2 ml of Ghee. There is No-Observed-Adverse-Effect- Level (NOAEL) of Muthu Paṟpam in all the three dosage groups throughout the study period. There were no significant changes in body weight, food and water intake of the treated animals. No significant changes in the Haematological and Biochemical parameters. Histopathology study reveals that, the vital organs such as Brain, Liver, Kidney were normal in all the treated animals. There were no lethality and no signs of toxicity were observed in the study period. The repeated oral toxicity study confirms the safety of the drug Muthu Paṟpam. CONCLUSION: The Characterization and Standardization of the Muthu Parpam (MP) is studied briefly in both Siddha and Scientific aspects. The analytical work on Muthu Parpam reveals its characteristic feature, components, structure, size and functional groups in it The MP is free from the presence of the Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 and pesticide residues. The instrumental analysis concludes that the medicine MP is composed mainly of Calcium Nano particles (XRD), has four phytocomponents (HPTLC) and having the following functional groups (FTIR) such as Hydroxy group. H bonded, Methylene(>CH2), Alkenyl, Carbonate ion, Alkyl substituted ether, Epoxy & oxirane rings, Methylene, Aliphatic iodo compounds, Polysulfides. Acute toxicity study reveals no lethality and no signs of toxicity in all treated animals up to 2000mg/kg body weight. The LD 50 value is more than 2000mg/kg body weight. Hence the drug Muthu Parpam is safe for oral administration. In repeated oral 28days toxicity study, there were no significant changes in Hematological, Bio chemical parameters of experimental animals in all the three doses- Low dose - 300 mg/kg, Mid dose - 600mg/kg, High dose -1200 mg/kg body weight. The histopathological report of the vital organs confirms that there were no remarkable changes of all the three dosage level when compared with the controls. From the Acute and Sub-acute toxicity study results confirmed the safety and toxicity of the drug Muthu Parpam. With the evidence of the results, it can be concluded that the dosage level of Muthu Parpam -260 mg as mentioned in the Siddha text, Theriyar Tharu is the safer dosage for oral administration.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Additional Information: | Reg.No.321916006 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Muthu Parpam, Toxicity study. |
| Subjects: | AYUSH > Nanju Noolum Maruthuva Neethi Noolum |
| Depositing User: | Subramani R |
| Date Deposited: | 01 May 2023 18:41 |
| Last Modified: | 24 Feb 2024 06:59 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/21229 |
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