Abiraja, R (2021) Standardization of Purification of Navacharam (Ammonium Chloride): A Comparative Analysis. Masters thesis, Government Siddha Medical College, Palayamkottai.
Full text not available from this repository.Abstract
Siddha System of Medicine is one of the oldest and foremost of all other medical systems of the world, The word Siddha comes from the word Siddhi which means an object to attain perfection or heavenly bliss. Health as the perfect state of physical, psychological, social, and spiritual component of human being. The system of medicine has a basic principles of "unave marunthu, Marunthe unavu” along with concepts of vali, Azhal, and Iyyam,. The siddhars are well versed in preparing the higher level of medicines using Uloogangal and Kanimangal drugs. These processes of high level medicine has to attain high quality through Alchemy. For this first they have to purify the raw drug, it not only removes the impurities, but also enhance the property of drugs.. Standardization ensures the availability of the uniform product in all part of the world and encourage opportunities for Siddha formulations in pharmaceuticals, The present study was carried out with an aim to standardize the purification of Navacharam (Ammonium chloride) based on qualitative and quantitative analysis as per PLIM guidelines. Purification process of Navacharam is more important to remove toxins, to increase its efficacy and change to easily acceptable form. Ammonium chloride are traditionally used in the treatment of abdominal pain, distended abdomen, urinary calculus, bad odour in the skin, sinusitis, Amenorrhoea, whooping cough, intermittent fever, three humours, indigestion, hepatomegaly, hepatitis, spleenomegaly, rhinitis, tuberculosis, haematemesis, facial paralysis. Navacharam has the action of tonic, stimulant, expectorant, diuretic, rubifacient, diaphoretic, Pitha neutralizer. Siddha System recommended that before going to every Siddha medicine preparation, the ingredient should be purified properly The concept of Suddhi [Purification] in Siddha is not only a process of purification or detoxification, but also a process to enhance the potency and efficacy of the drug. The raw material is purchased in the raw drug store in Nagercoil, then it splitted into each of 250g to three equal sustances, For purification I choose two methods said in Gunapadam – Thathu - Jeeva Vaguppu Part 2 &3 –by Dr.R.Thiyagarajan.Page no.408. Method I: purified by means of Ammonium chloride N1 is dissolved in hot water, after it forms salt like layer and then filtered. After it has cooled, it is poured in a broad mouthed vessel and insolated, in sunlight for few days until; the salt is formed in a purified form Method II: purified by means of Ammonium chloride N1 is Completely dissolve into cow’s urine and filter and heat until dry and keep into sunlight until dry and store the salt into a air tight container. The qualitative analysis of Navacharam by Physico chemical, bio chemical, they mentioned that all parameters were denoted in recommended range. The organoleptic tests of N1 indicates white in colour, no smell, the nature is coarse. N2 indicates pale whitish grey in colour, no smell, the nature is coarse. N3 indicates sandy white in colour, no smell, the nature is moderately coarse. The other parameters are like total Ash value, acid insoluble, Water soluble extractive , Alcohol soluble extractive, , all the values of N1,N2,N3, are indicates in the result table . Bio chemical analysis of the drug indicates the presence of Chlroide in N1, N2, N3. Ferrous iron in N1, N2, N3, unsaturated compound in N2, Amino acids in N2. The quantitative analysis FTIR of unpurified Navacharam N1 shows peak of 00.04,1402.59,1746.90,2001.79,3137.44 , the class are Alkene, Carboxylic acid , Esters, Isothiocynate, Alcohol the structure shows the presence of C=C bending , O-H bending, C=O Stretching, N=C=S Stretching, O-H stretching The N2 purified method - 1 shows the peak of 692.39,1400.61, 1742.15, 2002.58, 3137.32, the class are Alkene, Sulfate,-lactone, Isothiocynate, Alcohol , the structure shows the presence of C=C Bending, SO stretching, C=O stretching, N=C=S stretching,O-H Stretching The N3 purified method II shows peak of 673.23,1090.49,1403.30.1645.47,2002.90,3114.75 the class are Halo compound Secondary alcohol, Alcohol, Alkene, Isothiocynate, Carboxylic acid the structure shows the presence C-Br stretching ,C-O Stretching,O-H Bending,C=C Stretching,N=C=S Stretching,O-H Stretching. N1 and N2 has Alcohol, O-H Stretching with peak respectively 3137.44, 3137.32. N1 and N2 has Alkenes, C=C Bending with peak respectively 700.04, 692.39. And N1, N2 and N3 has Isothiocynate with N=C=S Stretching and with peak respectively 2001.79, 2002.58, and 2002.90 The ICP-OES shows the elements like Aluminium, carbon, Calcium, cadmium, chloride, copper, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, phosphorus, sulphur, Zinc which detect in samples, other elements in BDL ( below detective level). Carbon is absent in N1, Zinc is present only in N3. XRD Analysis of Navacharam N1 shows peak position of 13.934, 27.977, 32.398, 35.381, 46.408, for unpurified. N2 shows peak position of 14.035,28.079, 32.497, 35.481. N3 shows peak position of 13.927, 27.97, 32.385, 35.371, 35.37. SEM analysis shows the particle size of each samples N1, N2, N3 are 84.1486076 nm, 85.7332754 nm, 83.7279934 nm respectively. The study report clearly explained the reduction in particle size, more active components are present in Purified Navacharam. Thus it can be put forward that the purification procedures as mentioned in Siddha literature help to remove the toxic effect without interfering its therapeutic efficacy. It may reduce the effect of toxic substances in the drug. CONCLUSION: Standardization of Siddha Medicine is a need to be in the present world, even though our medicine has the efficacy, potential, long back indigenous. the quality of a drug should be defined as the status of a drug that is determined by identity, purity, content, and other chemical, physical or biological properties, here the two method of purification was done in Navacharam, even though it’s a comparative analysis of Navacharam between two methods. The present study is an attempt to establish the scientific basis of the raw drug. From the data’s of the present investigation it was concluded that the Siddha drug Navacharam (Ammonium chloride) was purified and analyzed. There were notable changes found between unpurified and purified form of Navacharam. Hence the concept of purification procedure as mentioned in Siddha text provides contemporary evidence with a good scientific background. These explorations will definitely help to set a standard procedure for purification of Navacharam in future.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | 321816002 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Standardization, Purification, Navacharam, Ammonium Chloride, Comparative Analysis. |
| Subjects: | AYUSH > Nanju Noolum Maruthuva Neethi Noolum |
| Depositing User: | Subramani R |
| Date Deposited: | 17 Nov 2022 16:19 |
| Last Modified: | 17 Nov 2022 16:19 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/20981 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |
