Karthikeyan, R (2013) Neuropsychological Assessment of Alcohol Dependent Patients – A Comparative study. Masters thesis, Madurai Medical College, Madurai.
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Abstract
Introduction: Substance abuse becomes an enormous problem worldwide. The Substance abuse and its direct and indirect complicationshave many Medical, social and economic consequences. Alcohol is socially and Legally accepted substance of abuse. Because of its wide availability, Aggressive marketing and relatively cheap price attracts the common Man for pleasure seeking. Gupta. Set al(2008) It became a major public health issue especially in Developing countries. Currently rapid changes have occurred in Alcohol use in India. The change includes early age of initiation of Alcohol intake, excessive consumption of spirits to the point of Intoxication and blackout, binge drinking and taking alcohol when They are alone to combat boredom. In India 95% of alcohol consumed In the form of spirit(exp. Whisky, rum, brandy, vodka), they have high Alcohol content (40-47%).But in western societies they take more Amounts of beer and wine, which have low alcohol content. These Factors add to the risks encountered by the western population. 8 Addressing alcohol related problems it not only limited to Biomedical field; it involves socioeconomic and political dimensions Also.Terence. Get al (1987). The main factor which affects the alcohol Related problems is policy making. For example some State Governments in India banned alcohol in their states; they have Relatively low level of alcohol related problems than the states in Which alcohol is sold by the Government owned shops, when Excluding problems due to illicit alcohol sales. Alcohol affects every part of the body, from hair to nail. The first and Foremost organ which is influenced and damaged is the brain, Especially frontal lobe. From head to toe alcohol greys the hair, Accelerates the aging process, and causes more wrinkles in face, it Produces telanectaciae, gynaecomastia, ascites, malnutrition and its Complications. In gastro intestinal tract it causes peptic ulcer, chronic Liver diseases, and pancreatitis. It affects respiratory diseases Likeaspiration pneumonia. It affects cardiovascular system like dilated Cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation and increase proneness to develop Myocardial infarction. Alcohol is one of the leading causes for 9 Cancers, especially oropharyngeal and gastrointestinal cancers. Simon Et al (2005), Meiret al(2005). Persons who take alcohol have impaired judgement and excessive Impulsivity, they tend to drive vehicle under the influence of alcohol Which many times proved to be fatal. They are prone to falls and Subsequent orthopaedic complications. They tend to have head Injuries ranges from subtle repeated unnoticed head injuries to severe Intracranial injuries. One of the common causes of confused state in Alcoholic is chronic subdural haematoma. Alcohol increases the desire and takes away the performance; it is Partially true in sexual function. Initially alcohol appears to increases The sexual desire, but chronic alcoholics have reduced libido, erectile Dysfunction and they become impotent because of various physical Complications, one of the cause is testicular atrophy associated with Chronic liver disease. The neuropsychiatric complications of alcohol include head Injury and its sequelae, blackouts, cerebellar degeneration, central Pontinemyeleinolysis, marchiafavabignami disease, wernickes Encephalopathy and seizures. Psychiatric complications are Intoxication, withdrawal effects, abuse and dependence,delirium Tremens, psychosis, mood disorder, personality change, anxiety Disorder, amnesia, dementia, sexual dysfunctions, hallucinosis and Sleep disorders. Many of the impulsive suicidal attemptsoccurred in Intoxicated state for trivial reasons, if they are not intoxicated, they Will not attempt suicide for trivial reasons. (Simon et al, 2005, Meiret Al, 2005) Alcohol affects the attendance in occupational setup due to hangover, Withdrawal effects and associated complications. It affects the Occupational well-being of the person. Alcohol is the main harbinger Of the quarrels in road sides and in domestic violence. Many of the Crimes occurredunder the influence of alcohol. Thus alcohol affects The mental Physical and social integrity of the individual. Rafael et al (2011), Christopher et al(1998), Karen et al(2012). Alcohol abuse and dependence are chronic disorders. They have Structural and functional disturbances in brain. In simple terms alcohol Abuse or alcoholism is characterized by regular and excessive use of Alcohol causing physical, interpersonal, social and occupational Problems. Repeated use in unwarranted situations like driving in Intoxicated state. Alcohol dependence is characterized by repeated Alcohol related difficulties for the past twelve month period in at least Three functional areas. It causes many neuropsychiatric complications Which have high morbidity and mortality. Persons who abuse alcohol may have vulnerability to Develop other substance abuse because of their genetic and Environmental vulnerability. The most common comorbid substance Of abuse by the alcohol dependent patients is tobacco, next is Cannabis. 50-90% of treatments seeking people for alcohol related Problems aretobacco smokers. Drobes. J (2002) postulated that Combined use of alcohol and tobacco has classical conditioned cue Reactivity, leads to craving for both substances. Prendergast et Al(2002) postulated that the tobacco use counteract with alcohol Effects on cognition and motor coordination. There is a large vacuum in the research data regarding alcohol related Health, social and economic impact in India. It impairs the progress Towards the right health care policy making in India. In many alcohol Related epidemiological studies at some point of time there was 80% Of the population using alcohol, in that 20% have problem due to Alcohol. Western literature estimated that the life time prevalence of Alcohol dependence is 12-15% for men, 5-8% for women. In India one Fifth of hospital admissions, 18% of psychiatric admissions, 20% of Brain injuries, 60% of road traffic accidents are related to alcohol Intake. Role of alcohol in domestic violence is enormous, one third of Husband engaged in domestic violence are in intoxicated state, According to WHO study (2004) Acute and chronic use of alcohol is associated with Neurocognitive deficits ranges from mild to moderate cognitive Impairment to severe Korsakoff’s syndrome. The aim of the present Study is to assess the cognitive dysfunctions associated with alcohol Dependence syndrome and to gain better knowledge about it and try to Implement findings into day to day clinical practice.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Neuropsychological Assessment ; Alcohol Dependent Patients ; A Comparative study. |
| Subjects: | MEDICAL > Psychiatry |
| Depositing User: | Subramani R |
| Date Deposited: | 19 Aug 2017 02:42 |
| Last Modified: | 19 Aug 2017 02:42 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/1918 |
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