Helen, M (2018) Effectiveness of Heam Pack and Lemon Juice on Anaemia among the Adolescent Girls at Selected Schools in Thiruvallur District, Chennai. Doctoral thesis, The Tamilnadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai.
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Abstract
An experimental study to assess the effectiveness of Heam pack and lemon juice on anaemia among the adolescent girls at selected schools in Thiruvallur District, Chennai. The present study is conducted to make out the impact of Heam pack and lemon juice on increasing the level of haemoglobin among anaemic adolescent girls. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the level of haemoglobin in the control and experimental group of adolescent girls before and after administration of Heam pack and lemon juice. 2. To study the effectiveness of Heam pack and lemon juice up on anaemia among adolescent girls. 3. To assess the level of acceptability regarding the administration of Heam pack and lemon juice among the experimental group of adolescent girls. 4. To find out the correlation between the signs and symptoms and haemoglobin in the control and experimental group of adolescent girls after administration of Heam pack and lemon juice. 5. To determine the association between demographic variables and level of anaemia in the control and experimental group of adolescent girls after administration of Heam pack and lemon juice. 6. To determine the association between dietary variables and level of anaemia in the control and experimental group of adolescent girls after administration of Heam pack and lemon juice. 7. To determine the association between menstrual variables and the level of haemoglobin in the control and experimental group of adolescent girls with after administration of Heam pack and lemon juice. 8. To assess the post test level of knowledge on anaemia in the control and experimental group of adolescent girls. NULL HYPOTHESIS: H01: There will be no significant difference in the level of anaemia between control and experimental group of adolescent girls before and after administration of heam pack and lemon juice. H02: There will be no significant difference in the signs and symptoms of anaemia between control and experimental group of adolescent girls before and after administration of heam pack and lemon juice. H03: There will be no correlation between the signs and symptoms and anaemia in control and experimental group of adolescent girls before and after administration of heam pack and lemon juice. H04: There will be no significant association between demographic variables and the level of anaemia in the control and experimental group of adolescent girls. H05: There will be no significant association between dietary variables and the level of anaemia in the control and experimental group of adolescent girls. H06: There will be no significant association between menstrual variables and the level of anaemia in control and experimental group of adolescent girls. METHODS: The conceptual frame work of the study was developed based on the major study. Variables in the study were level of anaemia and its signs and symptoms related to anaemia of the adolescent girls before and after administration of heam pack and lemon juice Hypotheses were formulated. The level of significance selected was (P<0.05). Athipattu Government High School and UCCK Schools were allotted by random selection as control and experimental group respectively. The Atthipattu Government High School offering education for classes from sixth to tenth standard with a strength of 300. UCCK School, Ayanambakkam is offering education from classes LKG to plus two and has a total strength of 615. The sample size was calculated based on power analysis. Total enumerative sampling technique was used to screen all adolescent girls studying in classes sixth to tenth in both the schools. The screening for anaemia was done among 297 adolescent girls in the selected schools by blood test (SLS Method) to confirm anaemia. That served as the baseline data. Out of 297 adolescent girls 242 adolescent girls were anaemic. After screening, 117 adolescent girls with anaemia fron Athipattu Government High School were allotted to the control group and 125 adolescent girls with anaemia from UCCK school were allotted to the experimental group. Intervention protocol (Heam Pack and Lemon Juice) the adolescent girls with anaemia in the control and experimental group were given tab. Albendazole 400 mg, The study participants in the experimental group were given intervention, The intervention protocol consists of one honey soaked medium size amla and two seeded dates soaked in honey and glass of lemon juice. It was administered 2 hours after their lunch thrice a week for two months. The tools used for the data collection were demographic variable proforma, Anthropometric measurements proforma, Biochemical assessment proforma, Menstrual history proforma, Clinical assessment proforma, Level of acceptability regarding the administration of heam pack and lemon juice, questionnaire to assess the post-test level of knowledge on anaemia. Validity and reliability were established. Pilot study was conducted among 35 adolescent girls. The collected data was analysed according to the objectives and hypothesis of the study using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS)-20. The major findings of the study were as follows. MAJOR FINDINGS: � Majority of the adolescent girls were living in nuclear family (84.6%, 83.2%) belong to Hindu religion (91.5%, 85.6%). Considerable number of adolescent girls were in the age group of 12 years (24.8%, 30.4%) and studying seventh standard (27.4%, 28.8%) in the control and experimental group of adolescent girls respectively. � Less than half of the adolescent girls had two siblings (44.4%, 48%) in the control and experimental groups respectively. With regard to family income, more than half of the adolescent girls Rs.4810 to 8009 in the control group (58.1%) and a considerable number of adolescent girls family income were Rs. 16020 – 32049 (31.2%) in the experimental group. � Majority of the adolescent girls were vegetarians (77.8%), 85.6%) and they consumed tea or coffee one time a day (55. 6%, 61.6%) in the control and experimental group of adolescent girls respectively. Most of the adolescent girls were taking fruits regularly (76.1%, 72%) and they were consuming vegetables salads (77.8%, 71.2%) in the control and experimental group of adolescent girls. � While considering the age at menarche of the adolescent girls have attained their menarche at the age of 12 years 47%, 31% and had regular menstrual flow (78.9%, 85%) in the control and experimental group of adolescent girls. More than half of them have menstrual flow more than 5 days in the control group (55.3%), whereas it was only 4 days (56.8%) in the experimental group. � Majority of the adolescent girls were having premenstrual symptoms (76.3%, 62.2%) with the history of dysmenorrhoea (65.8%,54.1%) in the control and experimental group of the adolescent girls, Most of the adolescent girls were using four pads per day (43.4%, 43.2%) in the control and experimental group. � Majority of the adolescent girls (96.32%, 89.6%) had mild anaemia in the control and experimental group. It also reveals that in the control group had mild level of anaemia before and after (96.32%, 92.31%) intervention, whereas in the experimental group. Most of the mild level anaemic girls anaemia before and after intervention (89.6%, 66.4%) and (33.6%) of them turned into normal level of haemoglobin in the experimental group of adolescent girls. This result shows the effectiveness of the administration of Heam pack and lemon juice in the experimental group of adolescent girls with anaemia. � The difference in mean and standard deviation of the level of haemoglobin of the control group adolescent girls between pre-test and post-test ( M = 10.51, 1053, SD = 0.96 ,0.77) with the ‘t’ value of 0.259, which was not statistically significant (P< 0.05), whereas after administration of heam pack and lemon juice, the difference in the mean and standard deviation of level of haemoglobin of the experimental group of adolescent girls ( M = 10.49, SD = 0.88, 0.92) between the pre and post-test with the ‘t’ value of 19.59, which was statistically significant (p <0.001). It can be attributed to the effectiveness of the intervention upon anaemia. � The study results showed that majority of the adolescent girls (69%, 48.8%) had mild signs and symptoms of anaemia in the control and experimental group, whereas in the post test reveals that majority of the adolescent girls ( 52%, 45.6%) had mild signs and symptoms of anaemia in the control and experimental group. There was no significant difference between the control and experimental group of anaemic adolescent girls. These results revealed that there was no difference in the signs and symptoms of anaemia in the control and experimental group of adolescent girls. � The study results revealed that difference in mean and standard deviation of the signs and symptoms of anaemia in the control group of adolescent girls between pre test (M = 16.35, 13.78. SD = 4.26, 3.77) and post test with the ‘t’ value of 6.109, which was statistically significant with the P value of P < 0.001. As well as after administration of heam pack and lemon juice, the difference in the mean and standard deviation of the signs and symptoms of anaemia in the experimental group of adolescent girls ( M = 19.78, 14.31, SD = 6.06, 5.47) with the ‘t’ value of 4.570, which also statistically significant with the P value of P <0.0001. These results revealed that there is no relationship between the level of anaemia and signs and symptoms of anaemia. � This results again confirmed by the difference in mean and standard deviation of the haemoglobin (M = 10.52; SD = 0.77) and mean and standard deviation of the signs and symptoms ( M = 33.10 ; SD = 8.46) in the control group of adolescent girls with ‘t’ value of the 0. 074, which is not statistically significant, as well as in the experimental group the difference in mean and standard deviation of the haemoglobin (M = 11.41, SD = 0.91) and mean and standard deviation of the signs and symptoms (M = 28.69, SD = 9.61) with the ‘r’ value of 0.163, which was not statistically significant irrespective of the Heam Pack and lemon juice administration. These results revealed that there was no correlation between the level of haemoglobin and signs and symptoms of anaemia in the experimental group. � In the current study showed that there was no significant association between demographic variables and post-test level of anaemia in control and experimental group of adolescent girls such as Age, Education, Type of family, Religion, Income and number of Siblings. The adolescent girls age (χ2 = 12.754, χ 2= 12.14) in the control and experimental group was associated with post-test level of anaemia (P < 0.05) respectively, whereas Educational level (χ 2 = 7.225, χ 2= 6.556), Type of family (χ 2 = 0.350, χ 2= 2.223), Religion (χ2 = 0.911, χ2= 2.223), Income (χ2 = 1.568, χ2= 3.639), No of siblings (χ2 = 4.306, χ2= 4.363) in the control and experimental group, which was not associated with post-test level of anaemia. � The study findings reveal that there was no significant association between the dietary variables and the post-test level of anaemia among the control and experimental group of adolescent girls such as food habit (χ2 = 0.2.786, χ2= 2.703), Consumption of coffee or tea (χ2 = 2.419, χ2= 2.967), Green leaves intake (χ2 = 4.38, χ2= 3.562), Consumption of Salad (χ2 = 0.000, χ2= 0.210), Fruit intake (χ2 = 0473, χ 2= 0.103) among the control and experimental group of adolescent girls respectively. � The study findings shows that there was no significant association between the posttest level of anaemia and selected menstrual variables of control and experimental group of adolescent girls such as Age at menarche (χ2 = 2.255, χ 2= 9.364), Frequency of menstrual flow (χ 2 = 2.206, χ 2= 3.905), pre-menstrual symptoms (χ2 = 0.377, χ2= 2.447) among the control and experimental group of adolescent girls. There was significant association between the post-test level of anaemia and menstrual variables such as Duration of menstrual flow (χ2 = 10.512, χ 2= 2.505) with p<0.033. Usage of pads per day (χ2 = 10,097, P<0.001) in the control group of adolescent girls and dysmenhorreoa (χ2 = 7.497, P<0.024) in the experimental group of adolescent girls respectively. TREATMENT OUTCOME: The present study reveals that Heam Pack and lemon juice is an effective, simple and cost effective non pharmacological measure to reduce the burden of anaemia. Amla is virtually super fruit. It cures sore throat, increases metabolic activity and it is rich source of vitamin C. Amla is the greatest boon to the humanity and one of the effective traditional herbal medicines, which had been used to treat and manage diseases. It is associated with multiple health benefits. It is the excellent source of vitamin ‘C’. Honey has been used in Ayurveda medicine in India for at least 4000 years. When honey is used with other herbal preparations, it enhances the medicinal qualities of those preparations and also helps them to improve its effect. RECOMMENDATIONS: • A similar study could be done with large sample size for the generalisation of the findings. • A comparative study may be done between effectiveness of Heam pack and other naturally available iron rich products. • A similar study could be conducted in different settings. • A Meta analysis could be done on the effectiveness of Heam pack and lemon juice on anaemia. • A comparative study could be carried out between heam pack and other supplementary therapy on anaemia. • Systemic review could be done on supplementary Alternative Therapy on anaemia • A similar study could be done among adolescent boys. CONCLUSION: Heam pack and lemon juice are naturally available economic resources in the community to prevent anaemia among the adolescent girls. The findings of the study also states that Heam pack and lemon juice administration is effective in improving the haemoglobin level, which will indirectly promote the mental health of adolescent girls to improve their quality of life.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Doctoral) |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Effectiveness, Heam Pack, Lemon Juice, Anaemia, Adolescent Girls, Selected Schools, Thiruvallur. |
| Subjects: | NURSING > Community Health Nursing |
| Depositing User: | Subramani R |
| Date Deposited: | 23 Jan 2022 07:32 |
| Last Modified: | 23 Jan 2022 07:44 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/19064 |
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