Subha Jayanthi, S A (2019) A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Art Therapy on Reducing Depression among Old Age People Residing at Selected Old Age Homes at Erode. Masters thesis, Nandha College of Nursing, Erode.
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Abstract
The present research was “A study to assess the effectiveness of art therapy on reducing depression among old age people residing at selected old age homes at Erode”. It was conducted by Ms. S.A. Subha Jayanthi, in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Nursing at Nandha College of Nursing, under The Tamilnadu Dr.M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai during the year 2019. OBJECTIVES: 1. To assess the level of depression before and after art therapy among old age people in experimental and control group. 2. To implement and evaluate the effectiveness of art therapy at the level of depression among old age people in selected old age homes at Erode. 3. To find out the association between the level of depression among old age people with their selected demographic variables such as Age, Gender, Religion, Educational status, Type of family, Marital status, Number of children, With spouse in the same old age home and Duration of stay in the old age home. HYPOTHESES: • H 1- Art therapy will be effective in reducing the level of depression among old age people residing at old age home. • H 2 - There will be significant association between the level of depression with their selected demographic variables such as Age, Gender, Religion, Educational status, Type of family, Marital status, Number of children, With spouse in the same old age home and Duration of stay in the old age home. METHODOLOGY: The Conceptual Framework of the study was based upon Roy's Adaptation Model. The research approach used in this study was Quantitative Implementive and Evaluative research approach. 60 Old age people were selected for this study using purposive sampling technique. Old age people were taken from Lion’s Club Old age home and Little sister’s old age home for the Poorer, Erode. The tool was given to experts for content validity. Pilot study was conducted to find out the feasibility of the study & to plan for data analysis. The art therapy was administered to the samples for 15 days. Pre test and Post test was taken with the help of Geriatric Depression Scale with structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean & standard deviation) & inferential statistics (chi-square, paired ‘t’ test, unpaired ‘t’ test) were used to analyze the data & to test the hypotheses. The Significant Findings of the study were: According to Age, majority 13 (44%) were in the age group of 66 – 70 years, 11(36%) were in the age group of 60 – 65 years, 4 (13%) were in the age group of 71 – 75 years and 2 (7%) were in the age group of > 76 years in experimental group, whereas majority 9 (30%) were in the age group of 60 – 65 years, 9 (30%) were in the age group 66 – 70 years, 6 (20%) were in the age group 71 – 75 years and 6 (20%) were in the age group of > 76 years in control group. Regarding Gender, majority19 (64%) were Females and 11 (36%) were Males in experimental group whereas majority 23 (77%) were Females and 7 (23%) were Males in control group. Regarding Religion, majority 19 (64%) were in the category of Christian, 11 (36%) were in the category of Hindu, and none of them were in the category of Muslim and Others in experimental group whereas majority 24 (80%) were in the category of Hindu, 6 (20%) were in the category of Christian and none of them were in the category of Muslim and Others in control group. Regarding Educational status, majority 19 (64%) were completed schooling, 7 (23%) were graduate and 4 (13%) were illiterates in experimental group whereas majority 20 (67%) were completed schooling, 7 (23%) were illiterates and 3 (10%) were graduate in control group. Regarding Type of family, majority 26 (87%) belongs to nuclear family and 4 (13%) belongs to joint family in experimental group whereas majority 27 (90%) belongs to nuclear family and 3 (10%) belongs to joint family in control group. Regarding Marital status, majority13 (44%) were widow/widower, 7 (23%) were married, 7 (23%) separated/divorced and 3 (10%) were single in experimental group whereas majority 14 (46%) were widow/widower, 9 (30%) were married, 5 (17%) were separated/divorced and 2 (7%) were single in control group. Regarding No of children, majority 13 (44%) have two children, 6 (20%) have > 2 children, 6 (20%) have no children, and 5 (15%) have one child in experimental group whereas majority 10 (34%) have one child, 10 (34%) have two children, 5 (16%) have > 2 children in control group and 5 (16%) have no children in control group. Regarding With spouse in the same old age home, majority 23 (77%) were without spouse and 7 (23%) were with spouse in experimental group whereas majority 25 (84%) were without spouse and 5 (16%) were with spouse in control group. Regarding Duration of stay in the old age home, majority 9 (30%) were under 4 – 6 years, 8 (27%) were under 2 – 3 years, 7 (23%) were under > 6 years and 6 (20%) were under < 1 year in experimental group whereas majority 10 of them (34%) were under 2 – 3 years, 8 (27%) were under < 1 year, 7 (23%) were under 4 – 6 years and 5 (16%) were under > 6 years in control group. 1. The first objective of the study was to assess the level of depression before and after art therapy among old age people in experimental and control group. This was analyzed by using frequency and percentage. Frequency and Percentage distribution of Pre test and Post test Level of Depression in Experimental Group: In Pre test, majority 24 (80%) were in severe depression, 6 (20%) were in mild depression and 0 (0%) none of them were normal respectively whereas in Post test, majority 27 (90%) were normal, 3 (10%) were in mild depression and 0 (0%) none of them were in severe depression. Frequency and Percentage distribution of Pre test and Post test Level of Depression in Control Group: In Pre- test majority 20 (67%) were in severe depression, 10 (33%) were in mild depression and 0 (0%) none of them were normal respectively whereas in Post test majority 23 (77%) were in severe depression, 7 (23%) were in mild depression and 0 (0%) none of them were normal. 2. The second objective was to implement and evaluate the effectiveness of art therapy at the level of depression among old age people in selected old age homes at Erode. Comparison of pre test and post test level of depression in the experimental group: This shows that the level of depression among old age people was high in pre test (Mean = 18, SD = 2) whereas after administration of art therapy it was found to be less (Mean = 8, SD = 1.7). The obtained ‘t’ value for pre test and post test scores of depression was 8 when compared to table value (2.043) was found to be high, which is significant at 0.05 level. Hence, it can be attributed to the effectiveness of art therapy on reducing depression. Comparison of pre test and post test level of depression in the control group: In pre test, the Mean value is 17 and SD is 1.9 and in post test, the Mean value is 18 and SD is 1.6. The obtained paired‘t’ test value is 1.6 when compared to table value (2.043) is low which is not significant at 0.05 level. It shows that, there is no significant difference between pre test and post test level of depression in control group. Comparison of post test level of depression in experimental and control group: In experimental group, the mean post test score (8) of depression was lower than the mean post test score (18) of depression in control group. The obtained ‘t’ value (10) when compared to table value (2.043) is high which is significant at 0.05 level. It shows that, there is significant reduction in the depression level in experimental group than control group. It indicates that the art therapy is effective in improving the level of depression among old age people. 3. The third objective to find out the association between the level of depression among old age people with their selected demographic variables such as Age, Gender, Religion, Educational status, Type of family, Marital status, Number of children, With spouse in the same old age home and Duration of stay in the old age home. Chi- square was calculated to find out the association between pre test and post test level of depression with demographic variables of experimental group. Association between pre test of depression with demographic variables. In experimental group, there was significant association found between the pre test level of depression with their demographic variables like Age χ2=13.1, whereas table value = 12.59, Religion χ2= 12.6, whereas table value = 12.59, Educational status χ2= 9.77, whereas table value = 9.48, No of children χ2= 14.23, whereas table value = 12.59, Duration of stay in the old age home χ2= 15.1, whereas table value = 12.59. In experimental group, there was no significant association found between the pre test level of depression with their demographic variables like Gender χ2= 2.67, whereas table value = 5.99, Type of family χ2= 3.42, whereas table value = 5.99, Marital status χ2= 10.53, whereas table value = 12.59, With spouse in the same old age home χ2= 1.68, whereas table value = 5.99. Association between post test of depression with demographic variables. In experimental group, there was significant association found between the post test level of depression with their demographic variables like Age χ2= 13.96, whereas table value = 12.59, Gender χ2= 7.54, whereas table value = 5.99, Marital status χ2= 14.8, whereas table value = 12.59, No of children χ2= 16.2, whereas table value = 12.59, Duration of stay in the old age home χ2= 13.6, whereas table value = 12.59. In experimental group, there was no significant association found between the post test level of depression with their demographic variables like Religion χ2= 2.33, whereas table value = 12.59, Educational status χ2= 4.91, whereas table value = 9.48, Type of family χ2= 1.14, whereas table value = 5.99, With spouse in the same old age home χ2= 2.48, whereas table value = 5.99. CONCLUSION: The following conclusions were drawn from the study, 1. The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of art therapy on reducing the level of depression among old age people. 2. There was significant decrease in post test level of depression when compared to pre test level of depression among old age people receiving art therapy in experimental group. 3. In experimental group overall comparison between pre test and post test was found to be significant at P < 0.05. 4. In control group overall comparison between pre test and post test was found to be not significant at P > 0.05. 5. There was significant association exist between the pre test and post test level of depression among old age people receiving art therapy with their demographic variables like Age, Gender, Religion, Educational status, Type of family, Marital status, Number of children, With spouse in the same old age home and Duration of stay in the old age home among old age people residing at selected old age home at Erode. 6. Therefore, the study can be concluded that there is significant reduction in the level of depression among old age people receiving Art therapy.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Additional Information: | 301731752 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Effectiveness, Art Therapy, Reducing Depression, Old Age People, Selected Old Age Homes, Erode. |
| Subjects: | NURSING > Psychiatric Nursing |
| Depositing User: | Subramani R |
| Date Deposited: | 02 Jan 2022 13:38 |
| Last Modified: | 02 Jan 2022 13:38 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/18933 |
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