Pavithra, K (2022) Study on Association of Anaemia and Preeclampsia in Pregnancy and Its Fetomaternal Outcome. Masters thesis, Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College, Salem.
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Abstract
In our study Maximum number of the patients in the study population were in the age group of 21 to 25 years of age as 44%. The participant’s age ranges from minimum 19 years of age to 32 years of age. The mean age of the pregnant mothers in our study was 25.73 + 3.8 years of age. The average age of the patients, according to Jaiprakash [et al.], was 26.655 years.115 Enaruna et al identified a link between age and preeclampsia risk at 30 years (range: 19 to 41), and Assis et al found a link between age and preeclampsia risk at 30 years (range: 19 to 41). • In the current study, about 9% had mild anaemic, majority of the participants were moderately anaemic 81% and 10% were severely anaemic. The prevalence of anaemia was found to be 69.3 percent in a comparable study conducted in rural Tamilnadu. Although the DLHS-3 study showed a prevalence of 97 percent, a subsequent district level household and facility survey found that 41 percent of pregnant women have mild anaemia, 53 percent have moderate anaemia, and 3 percent have severe anaemia. Haryana had a prevalence of only 59.6 percent in a survey conducted in 2012-13, with rural regions having a slightly higher prevalence of 60.5 percent. • From our study to 8% had pre eclampsia and remaining 92% didn’t develop pre eclampsia. In a research in Scotland, Jaiprakash et al discovered a comparable incidence rate of 5.8%. In Indian studies, Mudaliar and Menon found a prevalence of preeclampsia of 7-9 percent. Pre-eclampsia affects about 2–8% of all pregnancies around the world. • In the current study, about 3 were illiterate, 7 went to primary school, 25 were studied up to middle school, 35 reported to complete high school, 20 of them have studied up to higher secondary education and 10 were graduated. According to their study, 42 percent of the 180 patients had no formal education, compared to 30 percent of the controls who were illiterate. In comparison to controls, women with a lower education level were more likely to develop preeclampsia and severe anaemia. Illiteracy was linked to a 2-fold increased chance of presenting hypertensive illness during pregnancy, according to Tebeu et al (OR: 1.7; 95 percent CI: 1.1-2.4). 118 Dutta [et al.] investigated the impact of literacy status on anaemia and found it to be substantial. • In our study 16% pregnant women belonged to Class 1, 37% belonged to Class 2 and majority of them belonged to class 3 with 47%. The Socio Economic status was classified based on the Modified B G Prasad’s Classification. Majority of subjects belonged to class IV in anaemic (40%) as compared to 14% among non anaemic. Bedi R et al also observed the same in their study, 50.26% among socio-economic status IV and V women were significantly more anaemic as compared to non anaemic group. This association can probably be explained by numerous contributing factors like poor nutrition, logistic and financial constraints, hesitation in approaching healthcare facilities being some of them. • In our study 200 anaemic pregnant women, 19% had IUGR and remaining 81% didn’t have IUGR. Nirmala Devi [et al.] found IUGR in 12.77% patients of severe anemia. In this study, 56% had good outcome and remaining 44% had average outcome. The majority of patients in the control group were normal, meaning they were discharged in good health. • In the present study for 18% pregnant women had Pre term delivery and 82% had term baby. And 28% had low birth weight babies less than 2.5kgs and remaining 62% of the mothers had normal weighed babies. K. Jagdeesh Kumar discovered a 6.5 percent rise in the prevalence of low birth weight kids and an 11.5 percent increase in preterm deliveries in moms who were anaemic in their third trimester in a study.125 The number of low birth weight babies was higher among anaemic moms in both studies. Low maternal haemoglobin levels were also linked to an increased risk of preterm delivery and LBW newborns in a study conducted by V.B. Sangeeta. 126 In this study 18% abruption and remaining 82 % had No abruption. CONCLUSION: Maximum number of the patients in the study population were in the age group of 21 to 25 years of age, which shows that younger population had the risk of developing preeclampsia. Out of the study population, more than half of the participants were primigravida. • Regarding the educational status, 35% of them attended high school which indicates educational status also aids in preventing anemia thereby preventing preeclampsia. 81% of the study population had moderate anaemia. 8% of the anemic pregnant women had pre eclampsia 28% of the patients with anemia were treated with iron sucrose transfusion 30% of the patients with gestational hypertension had Premonitory Symptoms such as headache and blurring of vision. • Regarding the onset of delivery, nearly 66% of them had labour induction and 67% had Normal Vaginal delivery 18% of them had preterm delivery and 57% of them required NICU admission.19% of them had IUGR. • Disorders in pregnancy like preeclampsia and anemia have negative impact on fetus like intrauterine growth restriction, premature delivery and low birth weight. The greater the severity of anemia in pregnancy, greater the risk of Preeclampsia, Preterm delivery, low birth weight and still birth. Maternal wellbeing, optimal nutritional status and freedom from systemic disorder are essential in providing in utero environment for proper growth and development of fetus. • Perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality are enhanced by anaemia and preeclampsia. The current study looked at the link between anaemia and severe preeclampsia, and found that the risk of neonatal and maternal morbidity and mortality increases with the severity of anaemia when preeclampsia is present. Thus, based on the findings of this study and past research, it can be inferred that detecting anaemia early in pregnancy can be a key to preventing preeclampsia. • Anaemia has a significant negative impact on the fetomaternal result, and modest measures performed to cure anaemia in women planning to get pregnant or who are already pregnant can have far-reaching consequences. To improve maternal and fetal outcome, primary health care has to be strengthened. Prevention, Early diagnosis and treatment of anemia in pregnancy is to be given priority.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Additional Information: | 221816705 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Association, Anaemia, Preeclampsia, Pregnancy, Fetomaternal Outcome. |
| Subjects: | MEDICAL > Obstetrics and Gynaecology > MEDICAL > Obstetrics and Gynaecology |
| Depositing User: | Subramani R |
| Date Deposited: | 17 May 2021 16:55 |
| Last Modified: | 10 Dec 2023 06:46 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/16961 |
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