Mahroof Thamarassery, (2020) A Clinico Epidemiological study on Facial Hyperpigmentation in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kanchipuram District, Tamilnadu. Masters thesis, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Kanchipuram.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Hyperpigmentary disorders of face are of major concern in both fair skinned and dark skinned individuals in our country. A significant proportion of individuals are affected by facial hypermelanoses due to various clinical entities. Facial hyperpigmentation, causes cosmetic disfigurement with considerable psychological impact. The causes of the pigmentation are often obscure. Common causes are Melasma, Post Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH), Periorbital Hyperpigmentation (POH), Facial Acanthosis Nigricans (FAN), Lentigines, Freckles, Erythema Dyschromicum Perstans (EDP), Lichen Planus Pigmentosus (LPP), Riehl’s Melanosis (RM), Erythromelanosis Peribuccale Pigmentaire of Brocq (EPP), Poikiloderma of Civatte, Erythromelanosis Follicularis of Face and Neck, Nevus of Ota, Seborrheic Melanosis, Frictional Melanosis, Actinic Keratosis, Morphea, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus rash, Topical Steroid Abuse and Drug Induced Pigmentation. Studies have not been conducted in the southern part of the country in connection with various diseases presenting with facial hyperpigmentation, therefore this study will throw a light into the details of facial hyperpigmentation. AIM OF THE STUDY: 1. To describe the clinical profile of patients presenting with facial hyperpigmentation to Dermatology outpatient department of Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences, Kanchipuram. 2. To determine the risk factors associated with facial hyperpigmentation among the study participants. MATERIALS & METHODOLGY: Study duration: 12 months (January 2018 to December 2018). Sample size: 100 cases. Inclusion criteria: Males and females of age 13 years or above with non-elevated hyperpigmented skin lesion(s) on face. Those who are willing to give consent. Exclusion criteria: Facial hyperpigmentation due to sequela of trauma. Elevated skin lesions. Age less than 13 years. Those who are not willing to give consent. RESULTS: Females outnumbered males. Most common age group was 21 to 30 years. Melasma was the most common disease. Second most common disease was post inflammatory hyperpigmentation from acne. Majority of the patients had aggravation of the pigmentation on exposure to sunlight. Thirty four percentage of the participants had tried some form of treatment for their facial hyperpigmentation. Some patients (35%) had tried some form of home remedies for their pigmentation. More than half of the participants (57%) including males and females were applying turmeric on face. Majority of the patients had used some form of cosmetics on face. Topical steroid abuse on face was present in sixteen percentage of cases. Sunscreen usage was very low in patients as only 5% had the practice of using topical sunscreen creams on face. Consanguinity history of 14.6% was present in melasma patients. Wood’s lamp examination of the cases showed majority had epidermal pigmentation and 13% had dermal pigmentation. Some female melasma patients (11.11%) noted aggravation of the pigmentation during pregnancy. Majority of the melasma patients noted visible darkening of the pigmentation while exposed to sun light. CONCLUSION: Females dominated over males in availing dermatology services for facial hyperpigmentation. Melasma was the most common disease and second most common was Post Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation from acne. Topical steroid abuse on face was present in 16% of cases. More than half of the participants (57%) including males and females had the habit of applying turmeric on face. Sunscreen usage was very low in general as overall only 5% had the practice of using topical sunscreens. Association between cosmetic usage and facial hyperpigmentation and association between facial hyperpigmentation and drug intake were statistically significant. More than half of the total participants (61%) and nearly three fourths of the melasma patients (71%) noted visible aggravation of pigmentation on exposure to sunlight.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Additional Information: | 201730451 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Facial Hyperpigmentation, Tertiary Care Hospital, Kanchipuram District, Clinico Epidemiological study. |
| Subjects: | MEDICAL > Dermatology Venereology and Leprosy |
| Depositing User: | Subramani R |
| Date Deposited: | 05 Feb 2021 16:00 |
| Last Modified: | 05 Feb 2021 16:00 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/13897 |
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