Karpaghavalli, V G (2011) Serum Thyroid Profile and Anti-Thyroperoxidase Antibody Level in Benign and Malignant Breast Tumors. Masters thesis, Madras Medical College, Chennai.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer, with its uncertain cause, has captured the attention of surgeons throughout the ages. Despite centuries of theoretical meandering and scientific inquiry, breast cancer remains one of the most dreaded of human diseases. Tumors or ulcers of breast have been reported as early as 1600 BC as reported in ancient Egyptian chronicles, the Papyrus. Currently carcinoma breast is the most common malignancy and the common cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide. In India carcinoma breast is the second most common malignancy in women. Mammography and ultrasonography are being used for screening of breast cancer. Cancer that is detected early can potentially be cured when the tumor is small enough to be completely removed surgically. Unfortunately, most cancers do not produce any symptoms until the tumors are either too large to be removed surgically or cancerous cells have metastasized. Hence there is a need to detect cancer at an early stage. Tumor markers are used for the detection of risk, population screening, diagnosis, staging and prognosis. It can also predict the response to therapy, monitor treatment, detect the presence of occult metastatic disease, and monitor the course of the disease. Several tumor markers are in use nowadays, which include alpha fetoprotein, carcinoembryonic antigen, human chorionic gonadotropin, prostate specific antigen and relatively less specific markers like lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, ferritin and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase. AIM OF THE STUDY: Thyroid hormone plays an important role in the development of breast. Thyroid hormone antagonizes the proliferative effect of estrogen both by increasing the level of SHBG thereby decreases free estrogen level and by acting at the receptor level. The aim of the study is: 1. To determine thyroid profile and anti - TPO antibody level in benign and malignant breast tumors. 2. To analyze possible association between thyroid hormone levels and breast tumors. 3. To analyze possible association between anti - TPO antibody levels and breast tumors. 4. Whether anti -TPO antibody can be used as a tumor marker in diagnosis of patients with breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted during the period January 2010 and April 2010. It was carried out in three groups, namely apparently healthy female controls as group-1, females with newly diagnosed benign breast tumors as group-2 and females with newly diagnosed malignant breast cancer as group-3. Controls: The group comprised of 30 apparently healthy female subjects in the age group between 32 to 65 years attending the general Out patient Department of Madras Medical College, Chennai. Cases: The group comprised of: • 28 women with newly diagnosed benign breast tumor in the age group between 33 to 65 years and • 30 women with newly diagnosed malignant breast cancer in the age group between 32 to 65 years. • All breast tumors were proved by FNAC. • Benign breast tumours comprised of:- Fibro adenoma, Fibroadenosis and Breast cyst. • Malignant breast tumors comprised of:- Ductal carcinoma of the breast. Inclusion criteria for cases: 1. Newly diagnosed patients with benign and malignant breast tumors. Exclusion criteria: for cases and controls: 1. History of thyroid disorder, 2. Patients with breast tumor undergoing treatment. RESULTS: The mean age of the controls was 48.1+ 9.7 years, of benign breast tumor cases was 48.07+ 7.8 years and of malignant breast tumor cases was 51.03+ 9.5 years. The biochemical parameters namely TSH, fT3, fT4 and anti TPO antibody level along with the biological parameters such as age, parity, age at first child birth, duration of exposure to endogenous estrogen and family history of breast cancer obtained from the study population are given in Master Chart : for 30 controls, 28 benign breast tumor cases and 30 malignant breast tumor cases. CONCLUSION: We evaluated the association between thyroid dysfunction including autoimmune thyroid disease and breast tumors in this study. In the study TSH was elevated in the breast cancer patients when compared to the controls. The fT4, fT3 were lowered and Anti-TPO antibody was elevated in breast cancer patients when compared to benign breast tumors and controls. Anti-TPO antibody by decreasing the synthesis of thyroid hormones and iodo-lipids increases the risk of developing breast cancer. To conclude: • There is an association between hypothyroidism and breast cancer. • There is no association between hypothyroidism and benign breast tumors. • There is an association between autoimmune thyroid disease and breast cancer and • Anti –TPO antibody can be included in the risk assessment profile of breast cancer.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
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| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Serum Thyroid Profile, Anti-Thyroperoxidase Antibody Level, Benign and Malignant Breast Tumors. |
| Subjects: | MEDICAL > Biochemistry |
| Depositing User: | Subramani R |
| Date Deposited: | 09 Jul 2020 16:17 |
| Last Modified: | 09 Jul 2020 16:17 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/12515 |
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