Joselin Jini, I (2013) Renoprotective Activity of Citrullus lanatus Rind Extract on Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Renal Damage in Rat. Masters thesis, J.K.K.Nattraja College of Pharmacy, Komarapalayam.
|
Text
260403213joselin_jini.pdf Download (1MB) | Preview |
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE: Acute renal failure (ARF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by rapid deterioration of renal function, which is faced in many clinical situations. ARF is classically divided into pre-renal, renal (intrinsic) and post-renal failure. Pre-renal AFR is a consequence of decrease in renal perfusion (due to hypovolemia/shock or ischemia), which leads to reduction in GFR. Intrinsic renal failure occurs when there is damage to the structures of nephron such as glomeruli, tubules, vessels or interstitium. The major cause of intrinsic ARF is acute tubular necrosis (ATN) that results from ischemia or neprotoxic injury. Pre-renal ARF and ischemic ATN may occur as continuation of the same pathophysiological process, and together account for 75 % of the causes of ARF. Post-renal ARF follows obstruction of the urinary collection system with an increase in pressure within the renal collecting systems resulting in reduced GFR and renal failure. ARF following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is major complication after renal transplantation, renal surgery including partial nephrectomy, renal artery angioplasty, aneurysm surgery, elective urological operations and clinical conditions associated with renal perfusion. The mortality rate of patients with ARF has remained 25-70 % despite the use of various pharmacological agents. Therefore, it continues to be a frequent threatening complication following trauma, complex surgical procedures, and in patients hospitalized in intensive care units. In the absence of reliable and effective modern therapy for ARF, concerted efforts are currently challenged towards exploring alternative therapy in the disease treatment and/or prevention. Recently, plant products have been of great interest for their potential uses as alternative remedies for the treatment of many diseases. Ancient literature has prescribed various herbs for treatment of kidney diseases and certain Indian medicinal plants have been reported to exhibit protective effect on renal tissues against injuries. Citrullus lanatus (Watermelon) belongs to family Cucurbitaceae originally from South Africa, is widely distributed in Africa and Asia. The growth is favoured in dry climate and is mainly a dry season crop in monsoon areas, requiring only limited rainfall. It is an annual herb with long stems lying or creeping on the ground, with curly tendrils. Fruits vary considerably in size range from about 7 cm in diameter to over 20 cm. The flesh amounts to about 65 % of the whole fruit, and of this 95 % is water. Fruit is good source of vitamin A, vitamin B, vitamin C and potassium which are essential for maintenance of human health. The seeds are used as vermifuge and possess antimicrobial property. It is also used in treatment of prostatic hyperplasia and possesses anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties. The juice squeezed from pulp is used as anthelmintic and diuretic. The other ethno-medicinal uses of fruit include purgative, remedy for urinary stones, gonorrhoea and leucorrhoea in women, anti-ulcerative. The fruit is rich in lycopene, an antioxidant carotenoid effective against certain types of cancer and cardiovascular diseases. The rind of fruit is rich source of aminoacid citrulline, a precursor of Larginine, the substrate for nitric oxide synthase in the production of nitric oxide (NO). NO activates soluble guanylate cyclase leading to an increased conversion of GTP to cGMP, which provides the signal for smooth muscle relaxation, including corpus cavernosum of penis and myocardium. Recent work has shown that watermelon consumption increased plasma arginine levels which improved aortic haemodynamics. Citrulline in watermelon rind also possessed anti-oxidant property against free radical damage. Based on the reports of several studies on vascular smooth muscle relaxant effect of watermelon rind, a study was planned to evaluate the renoprotective effect of watermelon rind on ischemia/reperfusion induced acute renal damage in albino wistar rats. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the findings of the current study illustrate that Citrullus lanatus rind extract, with its potent vasodilatory and free radical scavenging properties, seems to be a highly promising agent in protecting renal tissue against oxidative damage and in preventing renal dysfunction due to ischemia/reperfusion. The study has confirmed the presence of phytoconstituents such as aminoacids, proteins, alkaloids, phytosterols, flavonoids, saponins, diterpenes, phenolics, tannins, carbohydrate and glycosides. However, further studies should be performed to isolate the active principles responsible for nephroprotection and to elucidate the mechanism of nephroprotection.
| Item Type: | Thesis (Masters) |
|---|---|
| Additional Information: | Reg.No.26113091 |
| Uncontrolled Keywords: | Renoprotective Activity ; Citrullus lanatus Rind Extract ; Ischemia ; Reperfusion ;Induced Renal Damage ; Rat. |
| Subjects: | PHARMACY > Pharmacology |
| Depositing User: | Subramani R |
| Date Deposited: | 28 Jun 2019 17:31 |
| Last Modified: | 28 Jun 2019 17:31 |
| URI: | http://repository-tnmgrmu.ac.in/id/eprint/10661 |
Actions (login required)
 |
View Item |
